A novel Brucella isolate in association with two cases of stillbirth in non‐human primates – first report

Abstract

Background-Brucellosis is veterinary and human health problem.

Brucellosis at the animal/ecosystem/human interface at the beginning of the 21st century

“…The use of multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) opens the way to detailed characterization of the global population structure of Brucella (Whatmore et al, 2007). These analyses confirmed the status of the classical species as distinct genetic entities, began to index intra-species diversity and relate this to historical biovar designations, and provided a framework for the placement of atypical or emerging Brucella isolates Schlabritz-Loutsevitch et al, 2009;Tiller et al, 2010). Further, these analyses and the availability of more robust phylogenetic histories, allowed the identification of canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that could be exploited as the basis of rapid diagnostic tests.…”

“…To date the genus Brucella consists thus of 10 species. Prospective Brucella species have also been isolated from three native rat species in Australia, but not yet been included in the genus (Tiller et al, 2010) as well as in association with two cases of stillbirth in non-human primates (Schlabritz-Loutsevitch et al, 2009). The preferential hosts and the pathogenicity for humans of the 10 recognized Brucella species are depicted in Table 1.…”

Serological and Nucleic Acid Based Detection of Brucellosis in Livestock Species and Molecular Characterization of Brucella melitensis Strains Isolated from Pakistan

“…However, since 1994, several new Brucella species have been isolated from marine mammals (Foster et al, 2007) and voles (Scholz et al, 2008). More recently, several species of Brucella have been isolated from human (Scholz et al, 2010), non-human primates, foxes and frogs which determines the expanding nature of the genus (Schlabritz-Loutsevitch et al, 2009;Eisenberg et al, 2012;Hofer et al, 2012). It should, however, be noted that there are circumstances where Brucella species have been found to infect other host species in addition to their preferred host Mahmood et al / Int.…”

“…Moreover, the use of molecular techniques like Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) and Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) genotyping have allowed for more precise Brucella identification and brucellosis epidemiology (Whatmore, 2009). A number of recent isolates of Brucella have been identified using MLSA (Scholz et al, 2008(Scholz et al, , 2010Schlabritz-Loutsevitch et al, 2009). Usefulness of VNTR in determining strain diversity in a population has been proven through literature (Cespedes et al, 2011) along with the determination of transmission between wild and domestic fauna (Abril et al, 2011) and possible zoonotic transmission (Gwida et al, 2012).…”

Comparisons of brucellosis between human and veterinary medicine

“…Zoonotic potential is classified as pathogenicity and virulence in human hosts. Original citation indicates the original publication where the species was characterized.SpeciesNatural hostZoonotic Potential [8]Original Citation B. melitensis Sheep, goats, and camelsYes – High[5] B. abortus Cattle, elk, and bisonYes – High[6] B. suis Pigs, hare, reindeer/caribouYes – High[122] B. canis Dogs (domestic and wild)Yes – Moderate[123] B. ovis SheepNo reported infections[124] B. neotomae Desert wood ratsNo reported infections[125] B. ceti CetaceansYes – Low[126] B. pinnipedialis PinnipedsYes – Low B. microti Red foxes and common volesNo reported infections[127] B. inopinata UnknownYes – High[2,128] B. papionis Non-Human PrimatesNo reported infections[129,130] B. vulpis Red foxNo reported infections[131,132] Brucella NFXXXX Australian ratNo reported infections[133,134]…”