Comparisons of brucellosis between human and veterinary medicine

Abstract

Brucellosis is the world’s most widespread zoonosis, but also ranks as one of the seven most neglected diseases, according to the World Health Organization. Additionally, it is recognized as the world’s most common laboratory-acquired infection. There are a reported 500,000 incident cases of human brucellosis per year. However, true incidence is estimated to be 5,000,000 to 12,500,000 cases annually. Once diagnosed, focus is directed at treating individual patients with antibiotic regimes, yet overall neglecting the animal reservoir of disease. Countries with the highest incidence of human brucellosis are Syria (1,603.4 cases per 1,000,000 individuals), Mongolia (391.0), and Tajikistan (211.9). Surveillance on animal populations is lacking in many developed and developing countries. According to the World Animal Health Information Database, Mexico had the largest number of reported outbreaks, 5,514 in 2014. Mexico is followed by China (2,138), Greece (1,268), and Brazil (1,142). The majority of these outbreaks is Brucella abortus, the etiologic agent of bovine brucellosis. Brucellosis is an ancient disease that still plagues the world. There are still knowledge gaps and a need for better diagnostics and vaccines to make inroads towards control and eradication.

Exploratory study of factors associated with human brucellosis in mainland China based on time-series-cross-section data from 2005 to 2016

“…① Historical impact According to the analysis, there existed a statistically 378 significant influence of the human brucellosis incidence rate in the previous year (lag, 379 brucellosis 1) on the current incidence rate, which might be explained by the latency 380 and invasiveness of brucella [22]. human brucellosis [19], but no supporting result was found in this study.…”

Aspectos epidemiológicos de la brucelosis en humanos en las Áreas Rectoras Aguas Zarcas y Los Chiles, Costa Rica, 2015-2017

“…Recientemente, se ha descrito 9 especies del género Brucella, de las cuales: B. abortus, B. suis, B. melitensis y, raramente B. canis, son las más comúnmente asociadas con enfermedades humanas (Whatmore et al 2014;Scholz et al 2016). Por mucho tiempo, se ha reportado cerca de 500,000 nuevos casos humanos por año, en el mundo, considerando las infecciones por todas las especies de Brucella (Corbel 2006;Pappas et al 2006); sin embargo, nuevas estimaciones indican hasta 12.5 millones de nuevos casos (Hull & Schumaker 2018;Berger 2019). Inclusive, los nuevos casos en Europa alcanzan cerca de 500 por año, siendo los países del este los más afectados (ECDC 2016).…”

Detection of Brucella abortus and Brucellla melitensis in cattle and sheep from southern Cameroon

“…Brucellosis is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella which contains twelve species [8,9,10]. Amongst the classical Brucella spp, B. abortus and B. melitensis are of paramount zoonotic importance worldwide, with small ruminants and cattle serving as preferential hosts [11].…”

“…Amongst the classical Brucella spp, B. abortus and B. melitensis are of paramount zoonotic importance worldwide, with small ruminants and cattle serving as preferential hosts [11]. Human and several animal species including cattle, small ruminants, pigs, rodents and carnivores have been reported to be infected with Brucella [8,12]. In animals, Brucella infections induce abortion, infertility and decreases milk production, while in humans, they cause long debilitating illnesses [6].…”