A novel design of hybrid transparent electrodes for high performance and ultra-flexible bifunctional electrochromic-supercapacitors

Smart supercapacitors from materials to devices

“…The solid‐ or quasi solid‐state electrolytes with ultrathin thickness will not only reduce the ion transport distance, but also work as a separator to further simplify the configuration of devices. Recently, a solid‐state film electrochromic supercapacitor with highly transparent Ni(OH) 2 ‐polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) electrodes was fabricated . Owing to the thin thicknesses of electrodes, the device demonstrated a high transparency and excellent coloration efficiency.…”

In Situ Monitoring Small Energy Storage Change of Electrochromic Supercapacitors via Perovskite Photodetectors

“…[16,17] Previously, researchers have proposed ECSCs with different electrochromic materials for judging the state of charge (SOC) through their visible color state or optical measurement. [16,[18][19][20][21][22] Zhi's group constructed polypyrrole and manganese oxide hybrid material for electrochromic supercapacitors whose electrical energy storage can be determined through simple optical measurement. [23] Feng's group utilized exfoliated graphene/V 2 O 5 as the active material of micro supercapacitors to judge its charge-discharge state via its visible color.…”

“…The transmittance of the ECSC corresponds to its energy storage state under different voltage, which has been reported previously. [16,22,23] With the laser constantly passing through the ECSC and pointing at the PPD, the variation of SOC in ECSC will lead to the change of color and result in the incident light intensity change on the PPD. When the ECSC is charged, H + in electrolyte will move to the negative electrode and insert into the WO 3 , along with the redox reaction of W 6+ to W 5+ : WO 3 + e − + H + → HWO 3 .…”

“…The essential mechanism for most of electrochromic and pseudocapacitive devices both relates to redox reaction of the electrode materials, which means the color variation follows the change of stored energy in ECSCs . Previously, researchers have proposed ECSCs with different electrochromic materials for judging the state of charge (SOC) through their visible color state or optical measurement . Zhi's group constructed polypyrrole and manganese oxide hybrid material for electrochromic supercapacitors whose electrical energy storage can be determined through simple optical measurement .…”

“…In this integral system, the laser needs to penetrate the ECSC glass device and then reach the photoanode of the PPD. The transmittance of the ECSC corresponds to its energy storage state under different voltage, which has been reported previously . With the laser constantly passing through the ECSC and pointing at the PPD, the variation of SOC in ECSC will lead to the change of color and result in the incident light intensity change on the PPD.…”