A Novel Corn-Expressed Phytase Improves Daily Weight Gain, Protein Efficiency Ratio and Nutrients Digestibility and Alters Fecal Microbiota in Pigs Fed with Very Low Protein Diets

Shili, Cedrick N; Broomhead, J. N.; Spring, Shelby; Lanahan, Mike B; Pezeshki, Adel

doi:10.3390/ani10101926

Cited by 16 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, calcium, and phosphorus of the diets and some ingredients contents (i.e., Arg, His, Phe, and whey powder) were analyzed by Servi-Tech laboratory (Dodge City, KS, USA) (Supplemental Table S2), as previously described [38,[42][43][44]. The complete amino acids profile of the experimental diets and whey protein concentrate were analyzed [45] by Agricultural Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories (University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA) (Supplemental Tables S3 and S4).…”

Section: Diet Proximate and Amino Acids Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Alters Fat and Glucose Metabolism in a Low-Birthweight Piglet Model

et al. 2021

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Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with metabolic complications, such as glucose and lipid metabolism disturbances in early life. The objective of this study was to assess: (1) the effect of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on glucose and fat metabolism in an LBW piglet model, and (2) the role peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5HT3) receptors in regulating the feeding behavior in LBW piglets fed with Trp-supplemented diets. Seven-day-old piglets were assigned to 4 treatments: normal birthweight-0%Trp (NBW-T0), LBW-0%Trp (LBW-T0), LBW-0.4%Trp (LBW-T0.4), and LBW-0.8%Trp (LBW-T0.8) for 3 weeks. Compared to LBW-T0, the blood glucose was decreased in LBW-T0.8 at 60 min following the meal test, and the triglycerides were lower in LBW-T0.4 and LBW-T0.8. Relative to LBW-T0, LBW-T0.8 had a lower transcript and protein abundance of hepatic glucose transporter-2, a higher mRNA abundance of glucokinase, and a lower transcript of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. LBW-T0.4 tended to have a lower protein abundance of sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 in the jejunum. In comparison with LBW-T0, LBW-T0.4 and LBW-T0.8 had a lower transcript of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and LBW-T0.4 had a higher transcript of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Blocking 5-HT3 receptors with ondansetron reduced the feed intake in all groups, with a transient effect on LBW-T0, but more persistent effect on LBW-T0.8 and NBW-T0. In conclusion, Trp supplementation reduced the hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, but increased the glycolysis in LBW piglets. Peripheral serotonin is likely involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, particularly in LBW piglets fed diets supplemented with a higher dose of Trp.

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Section: Diet Proximate and Amino Acids Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Alters Fat and Glucose Metabolism in a Low-Birthweight Piglet Model

et al. 2021

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“…In terms of intestinal microbiota composition, our results demonstrated the four main phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria in all groups accounted for over 77% of all bacteria phyla. The former three phyla were also found to be the most abundant bacterial communities in the feces of piglets [43]. We found the proportion of Actinobacteria increased when the dietary protein level was lower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Low Crude Protein Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome Differently in Barrows and Gilts

Tao

Deng

Yuan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Low protein diets are commonly used in the growing-finishing pig stage of swine production; however, the effects of low dietary protein on the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, and their association with pig sex, remain unclear. The present study aimed to assess the impact of a low crude protein (CP) diet on the gut microbiome and metabolome, and to reveal any relationship with sex. Results Barrows and gilts (both n= 24; initial body = 68.33 ± 0.881 kg) were allocated into two treatments according to sex. The four groups comprised two pairs of gilts and barrows fed with a high protein diet (HPD, CP 17% at stage Ⅰ; CP 13% at stage Ⅱ) and a low protein diet (LPD, CP 15% at stage Ⅰ; CP 11% at stage Ⅱ), respectively, for 51 d. Eight pigs in each group were slaughtered and their colon contents were collected. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The LPD increased intestinal microbiota species and richness indices significantly in both sexes compared with the HPD. The Sample Shannon index was significantly different between barrows and gilts. At the phylum level, the LPD increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria significantly. The influence of dietary protein levels on Proteobacteria and Synergistetes were associated significantly with sex. At the genus level, Clostridiales, Neisseria, and Prevotellaceae were affected significantly by dietary protein levels. In the latter two genera, the effects were significantly different between barrows and gilts. Metabolomic profiling indicated that dietary protein levels mainly affected intestinal metabolites in gilts rather than barrows. A total of 434 differently expressed metabolites were identified in gilts fed the two protein diets. Correlation analysis identified that six differentially abundant microbiota communities were closely associated with twelve metabolites that were enriched for amino acids, inflammation, immune, and disease-related metabolic pathways. Conclusions These results suggested that decreasing dietary protein contents benefitted the intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs, which selectively affected the microbiota and metabolite profiles in gilts.

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“…As we previously described [ 36 ], feed samples were analyzed by ServiTech Laboratories (Dodge City, KS, USA) for dry matter, crude fiber, calcium (Ca), P, N, and chromium using official methods of analysis of AOAC [ 37 ]. Fecal samples were analyzed by ServiTech Laboratories (Dodge City, KS, USA) for Ca, P, N, and chromium using the methods indicated above for analysis of feed samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we previously described [ 36 ], apparent fecal digestibility (AFD) of Ca, P, and N was calculated using the index method with chromium as an external marker. The following equation was used to calculate the AFD of nutrients: 100 − (100 × (marker concentration in feed/marker concentration in feces) × (nutrient concentration in feces/nutrient concentration in feed).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we previously described [ 36 ] using Al-Therapy Statistics ( (accessed on 3 July 2018)) and data from our previous study [ 30 ], we measured the sample size before starting this study. Our power analysis showed that when 8 pigs/dietary group is used, a 7.90 kg difference in body weight between two groups (SD: control diet = 4.27 kg, low-protein diet = 4.26 kg) can be detected with 93% power (α = 0.05; effect size = 1.852).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acid Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low-Protein/High-Carbohydrate Diets

Shili

Habibi

Sutton

et al. 2021

Animals

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA) on growth performance and underlying factors involved in pigs fed with low-protein (LP)/high-carbohydrate diets. Forty-eight weaned barrows were allotted to six treatments for 4 weeks: CON-NS, control (CON) diet-no PWA; CON-LS, CON diet-low dose PWA (4 mL/L); CON-HS, CON diet-high dose PWA (8 mL/L); LP-NS, LP diet-no PWA; LP-LS, LP diet-low dose PWA; LP-HS, LP diet-high dose PWA. Relative to CON-NS, pigs fed with CON-HS had increased average daily gain, body weight and serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) and had decreased mRNA abundance of solute carrier family 7 member 11 and solute carrier family 6 member 19 in jejunum. Compared to LP-NS, pigs fed with LP-HS had increased muscle lean%, decreased muscle fat%, decreased serum Ca and increased serum P. Compared to their NS counterparts, CON-LS, CON-HS, and LP-LS increased the concentration of plasma essential AA and those fed with CON-HS and LP-HS tended to reduce the abundance of the solute carrier family 7 member 1 transcript in skeletal muscle. Thus, PWA improved the performance of weaned pigs fed with protein-adequate diets likely through increased blood essential AA and affected the muscle composition when dietary protein was deficient.

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A Novel Corn-Expressed Phytase Improves Daily Weight Gain, Protein Efficiency Ratio and Nutrients Digestibility and Alters Fecal Microbiota in Pigs Fed with Very Low Protein Diets

Cited by 16 publications

References 84 publications

Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Alters Fat and Glucose Metabolism in a Low-Birthweight Piglet Model

Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Alters Fat and Glucose Metabolism in a Low-Birthweight Piglet Model

Low Crude Protein Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome Differently in Barrows and Gilts

Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acid Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low-Protein/High-Carbohydrate Diets

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