A (nova) questão social e as estratégias para seu enfrentamento

Abstract

Este artigo trata da nova questão social e das políticas de bem-estar pluralistas. Para tal, compreende dois momentos. No primeiro, contextualiza-se a emergência da questão social, gerada pelas grandes transformações sociais, políticas e econômicas produzidas pela revolução industrial, bem como a origem de um novo tipo de regulação, com base no direito do cidadão e no dever do Estado - o Estado de Bem-Estar. No segundo, busca-se problematizar a crise/reestruturação do Estado de Bem-Estar, num período marcado por grave crise econômica e acentuada crítica de setores conservadores.

The Debate Over the Social Question in Occupational Therapy: An Integrative Review

“…The social question concept is determined, in capitalist societies, by the peculiar relationship between capital and labor: exploitation (STEIM, 2000;CASTEL, 2012). Discussions about the social question refer to the necessary understanding of the social cohesion possible within the capitalist structure and what agreement would be collectively reached to try to avoid social fracture (STEIM, 2000;CASTEL, 2012). "Social fracture" is understood as a rupture in society generated by unequal access to social goods.…”

“…"Social fracture" is understood as a rupture in society generated by unequal access to social goods. It could be minimized by social policies in a capitalist context (STEIM, 2000;CASTEL, 2012). The term social question first appeared in academic literature within the context of changes arising from the Industrial Revolution and changing urban working conditions (STEIM, 2000).…”

“…It could be minimized by social policies in a capitalist context (STEIM, 2000;CASTEL, 2012). The term social question first appeared in academic literature within the context of changes arising from the Industrial Revolution and changing urban working conditions (STEIM, 2000). Because of its influence on societal development, a number of scholars have attempted to understand how structural elements influence daily life by discussing the concept from a sociological perspective, associating work and social integration within a capitalist society (STEIM, 2000;CASTEL, 2012).…”

“…In other words, occupational therapists need a reading lens to understand society and to develop their work. The concepts of the social question (STEIM, 2000;CASTEL, 2012), social fracture (CASTEL, 2012), social rights and citizenship (LOPES; MALFITANO, 2017) are important to our practices. Today, occupational therapy addresses topics of citizenship, (LOPES; MALFITANO, 2017) the person in their context (LAW, 1991), the influence of justice, (WILCOCK; TOWNSEND, 2000) the importance of the political (POLLARD; SAKALLARIOU; KRONENBERG, 2008) in professional action, and specific social location (BARROS; GHIRARDI; LOPES, 2005) using these to theoretically and methodologically address the social question.…”