A Nogueira-Pecã No Brasil: Uma Revisão Entomológica

Abstract

RESUMOAs áreas plantadas com nogueira-pecã Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae) vêm crescendo em todo o Brasil, principalmente na região Sul. Com isso aumentam os riscos de incidência de pragas e doenças. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou revisar aspectos importantes relacionados à cultura da nogueira-pecã, com ênfase nas espécies-praga e espécies benéficas de artrópodes, relatadas na sua região de origem e no Brasil. A partir do levantamento bibliográfico notam-se poucos registros de espécies-praga nocivas à cultura, grande parte, 18 espécies, são registradas para o Rio Grande do Sul, constituindo-se como uma ínfima parcela quando traçado um comparativo com as espécies já registradas e estudadas nos Estados Unidos, país de origem da espécie Carya illinoinensis, que soma mais de 66 espécies-praga, entre insetos e ácaros. Dentre as espécies-praga que merecem destaque estão o pulgão Monellia caryella, as espécies de filoxeras Phylloxera devastatrix e Phylloxera notabilis, pois são espécies que ocorrem tanto no Rio Grande do Sul, quanto nas regiões de origem da nogueira-pecã, causando danos às folhas das plantas. Ao mesmo tempo que se verifica uma alta diversidade de espécies-praga para a pecanicultura, é possível observar, tanto nos Estados Unidos quanto no Brasil, especialmente no Rio Grande do Sul, uma gama de potenciais predadores e parasitoides das espécies nocivas à Carya illinoinensis. Portanto, sugere-se a utilização do Manejo Integrado de Pragas, com estudos futuros que priorizem a manutenção de agentes de controle biológico existentes nas áreas de plantio, buscando garantir nozes de qualidade e em quantidade satisfatória, preservando a saúde do consumidor e do pomar. Palavras-chave: Carya illinoinensis; Entomologia Florestal; produção de nozes. ABSTRACTThe areas cultivated with pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae), have been growing mainly in the southern region of Brazil. Along with it, the risks of diseases and plagues rise. Thus, the present study aimed at revising important aspects of the pecan culture, with an emphasis at plague species and beneficial species of arthropods related to their original region and in Brazil. From a bibliographical survey, a few records about plague-species harmful to the culture are found, from which, 18 species, are registered in Rio Grande do Sul, being a very small number when compared to the species already registered and studied in the United States, the original country of the Carya illinoinensis species, which are more than 66 plague-species, among insects and mite. Among the plague-species which deserve attention are the mite Monellia caryella, the species of phylloxera Phylloxera devastatrix and Phylloxera notabilis, because they are species that happen to be registered in both in the United States and the original regions of pecan tree, causing damage to the plant leaves. At the same time a high diversity of plaguespecies harmful to the pecan culture is found, it is possible to observe both in the United States and in Br...

Scolytinae species damaging Carya illinoinensis trees in southern Brazil

“…The damage caused by Xyleborus spp. is characterized by the opening of galleries by adult insects through the bark directly into the sapwood, leaving grained sawdust on the outside of the entrance opening (Solomon & Payne, 1986;Boscardin & Costa, 2018). When galleries are active, they have a light coloration and no sawdust, whereas the unoccupied galleries have a dark color due to the symbiotic fungi (Solomon & Payne, 1986).…”

“…In 2016, the Brazilian production reached 5.453 tons of nuts (dry fruit), from a total of 3.503 planted hectares (IBGE, 2016). As a consequence of the increase in the area of pecan cultivation in southern Brazil, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of insects, which cause damage to the crop (Boscardin & Costa, 2018).…”

“…The pest species Monellia caryella (Fitch, 1855) (blackmargined aphid), Phylloxera devastatrix Pergande, 1904 andPhylloxera notabilis Pergande, 1903 (phylloxera), are highlighted as being of major importance due to their occurrence in Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and the United States, causing damage to leaves (Boscardin & Costa, 2018). It should be noted that the phytophagous insect species Leptoglossus stigma (Herbst, 1784), Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas, 1852) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Loxa deducta (Walker, 1867) damage the fruit, implicating in low orchard productivity (Boscardin et al, 2016).…”

Pecan: from Research to the Brazilian Reality

“…e Acromyrmex sp.) are among the main leaf stripper pests Recently, damage was reported on fruits caused by phytophagous insects Leptoglossus stigma, Leptoglossus zonatus and Loxa deducta [84].…”

First Report of Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Pecan in Brazil

“…Monellia caryella (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)(Paulsen et al 2013;Boscardin & Costa 2018). No species recorded in Brazil belongs to the Tortricidae family, although 2 species have been found in pecan nuts and trees in North America: Cydia caryana (Fitch) and Gretchena bolliana (Slingerland) (both Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ree &Knutson 1997;Thompson & Conner 2012;Boscardin & Costa 2018).…”