A new protocol for the chemical characterisation of steatite – two case studies in Europe: the Shetland Islands and Crete

Jones, Richard E.; Kilikoglou, Vassilis; Olive, Valérie; Bassiakos, Yannis; Ellam, Rob M.; Bray, I.; Sanderson, D.C.W.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.07.002

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…2,3,[5][6][7] A resistência do esteatito ao tempo é determinada pelas condições ambientais somadas às petrográficas e petrofísicas. 1,8 Todavia, condições ácidas são danosas à sua estrutura, tanto em laboratório 8,9 como nas esculturas e edificações, 1 podendo ser potencializadas por microrganismos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Níveis de contaminantes inorgânicos em cachaças da região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero armazenadas em copos in natura de esteatito (pedra-sabão)

Fernandes¹,

Fausto²,

Bezerra³

et al. 2013

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 24/3/13; aceito em 8/7/13; publicado na web em 9/8/13 LEVELS OF INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN BRAZILIAN CACHAÇAS FROM THE QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO REGION STORED IN IN NATURA STEATITE (SOAPSTONE) CUPS.The levels of inorganic contaminants (As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) were measured in 18 Brazilian spirit beverages, before and after 4 contact cycles of 24h each with in natura soapstone (steatite) cups. Results were compared to Brazilian regulation levels. Spirits contained As, Cd, Ni and Pb within permitted levels. For Cu, 5.6% of the brands were above the limit. The contact with soapstone cups decreased Cu levels in the spirits, while the other elements remained unchanged. The use of in natura soapstone cups was considered safe because this kind of vessel did not transfer inorganic contaminants to the spirits.Keywords: cupper; alcohol; spirit drinks. INTRODUÇÃODevido a sua abundância e propriedades o esteatito (pedra-sabão) tem sido usado pelo homem desde a Antiguidade.1,2 Em função da sua densidade, maciez e resistência ao calor a pedra-sabão é um material considerado ideal para produzir recipientes, panelas e utensílios pequenos.1,3-6 Embora a composição da pedra-sabão apresente variação geográfica, há certo perfil predominante, contendo talco e clorita como minerais majoritários.2,3,5-7 A resistência do esteatito ao tempo é determinada pelas condições ambientais somadas às petrográficas e petrofísicas.1,8 Todavia, condições ácidas são danosas à sua estrutura, tanto em laboratório 8,9 como nas esculturas e edificações, 1 podendo ser potencializadas por microrganismos. 10,11 Civilizações antigas impermeabilizavam com lipídios recipientes novos de pedra-sabão, processo denominado cura, reduzindo a porosidade e minimizando a perda de massa.2,4,9 A cura continua sendo aplicada às panelas de pedra-sabão, 4,9,12 ao mesmo tempo que permite que elementos como Ca, Mg, Fe e Ni possam ser transferidos aos alimentos.2,9,12 Metais com potencial de toxicidade ao homem, como Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb e As, podem estar presentes na composição do esteatito, 7,9,13 e a transferência desses metais durante armazenamento de líquidos em recipientes de pedra-sabão pode ocorrer, ainda que reduzida pela cura, podendo transferir quantidades tóxicas dos referidos elementos. 9,14,15 Atualmente, são comercializados produtos de pedra-sabão que não são passíveis de cura, tais como jarros e copos, os quais têm indicação para uso com bebidas alcoólicas. Todavia, até o momento o comportamento da pedra-sabão não-curada exposta ao álcool etílico não foi avaliado. Adicionalmente, as bebidas alcoólicas comerciais podem ser veículos de elementos tóxicos, incluindo Ni, em teor superior ao máximo aceitável. 16 A cachaça, bebida destilada nacional produzida por fermentação da cana-de-açúcar, deve atender à legislação brasileira no que tange à presença dos contaminantes inorgânicos Cu, Pb e As, limitados a 5,0; 0,2 e 0,1 mg/L, respectivamente, 17 tendo sido constatado extrapolação nos teores destes elementos em cachaças vendidas em Araraquara (SP). 18Estudo com cac...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Níveis de contaminantes inorgânicos em cachaças da região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero armazenadas em copos in natura de esteatito (pedra-sabão)

Fernandes¹,

Fausto²,

Bezerra³

et al. 2013

Quím. Nova

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“…Steatized rocks in the DSS have been recognized for some time, and were exploited by the Norse during their occupation of Shetland, for the manufacture of utensils (e.g., Jones et al, 2007). The anhydrous bulk-composition of the DSS talc-magnesite samples is similar to that of peridotite that has otherwise experienced extensive serpentinization and metasomatism.…”

Section: Supplementary Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of mantle peridotite as a possible Iapetan ophiolite sliver in south Shetland, Scottish Caledonides

Day

O’Driscoll

Strachan

et al. 2016

JGS

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The Neoproterozoic Dunrossness Spilite Subgroup (DSS) of south Shetland, Scotland, has been interpreted as a series of komatiitic and mafic lava flows formed in a marginal basin in response to Laurentian continental margin rifting. We show that ultramafic rocks previously identified as komatiites are depleted mantle peridotites that experienced seafloor hydrothermal alteration. The presence of positive Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies extending from the DSS northward to the Shetland Ophiolite Complex suggest instead that these rocks may form part of an extensive ophiolite sliver, obducted during Iapetus Ocean closure in a fore-arc setting.

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“…Glass-making in Scotland became significant only from the 17 th century onwards, prior to that it is thought that all the glass had been imported. The exceptions are Bronze Age faience, which was being made in several areas in Britain (Sheridan and Shortland 2004), Late Iron Age glass beads and bangles, the vitreous material cramp (Photos- Jones et al 2007) and vitrified forts where vitrification has been used for dating studies as well as geochemistry .…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…stakes and barrelparts (e.g. Jones et al 2007) where tool mark, wood identification and dendrochronological analysis may be undertaken. More natural wood remains such as the remnants of former woodlands have also been examined in Scotland (Tipping et al 2008a) in order to reconstruct former woodland environments, build chronologies and investigate the character and openness of such wooded environments.…”

Section: Charcoal and Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science in Scottish Archaeology: ScARF Panel Report

Milek¹,

Jones²

2012

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four key headings:  High quality, high impact research: the importance of archaeological science is reflected in work that explores issues connected to important contemporary topics, including: the demography of, the nature of movement of, and contact between peoples; societal resilience; living on the Atlantic edge of Europe; and coping with environmental and climatic change. A series of large-scale and integrated archaeological science projects are required to stimulate research into these important topics. To engage fully with Science in Scottish Archaeology iv these questions data of sufficient richness is required that is accessible, both within Scotland and internationally. The RCAHMS’ database Canmore provides a model for digital dissemination that should be built on.  Integration: Archaeological science should be involved early in the process of archaeological investigation and as a matter of routine. Resultant data needs to be securely stored, made accessible and the research results widely disseminated. Sources of advice and its communication must be developed and promoted to support work in the commercial, academic, research, governmental and 3rd sectors.  Knowledge exchange and transfer: knowledge, data and skills need to be routinely transferred and embedded across the archaeological sector. This will enable the archaeological science community to better work together, establishing routes of communication and improving infrastructure. Improvements should be made to communication between different groups including peers, press and the wider public. Mechanisms exist to enable the wider community to engage with, and to feed into, the development of the archaeological and scientific database and to engage with current debates. Projects involving the wider community in data generation should be encouraged and opportunities for public engagement should be pursued through, for example, National Science Week and Scottish Archaeology Month.  Networks and forums: A network of specialists should be promoted to aid collaboration, provide access to the best advice, and raise awareness of current work. This would be complemented by creating a series inter-disciplinary working groups, to discuss and articulate archaeological science issues. An online service to match people (i.e. specialist or student) to material (whether e.g. environmental sample, artefactual assemblage, or skeletal assemblage) is also recommended. An annual meeting should also be held at which researchers would be able to promote current and future work, and draw attention to materials available for analysis, and to specialists/students looking to work on particular assemblages or projects. Such meetings could be rolled into a suitable public outreach event.

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A new protocol for the chemical characterisation of steatite – two case studies in Europe: the Shetland Islands and Crete

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Níveis de contaminantes inorgânicos em cachaças da região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero armazenadas em copos in natura de esteatito (pedra-sabão)

Níveis de contaminantes inorgânicos em cachaças da região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero armazenadas em copos in natura de esteatito (pedra-sabão)

Identification of mantle peridotite as a possible Iapetan ophiolite sliver in south Shetland, Scottish Caledonides

Science in Scottish Archaeology: ScARF Panel Report

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