A new model of central lid margin apposition and tear film mixing in spontaneous blinking

Pult, Heiko; Korb, Donald R.; Murphy, Paul J.; Riede-Pult, Britta; Blackie, Caroline A.

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2015.01.012

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…He [10] suggested that the lid margin thickness in Chinese (15–80 years) measured by a small ruler was approximately 2.0 mm in the upper lid and 1.5 mm in the lower lid. In addition, Pult et al [11] used a Scheimpflug camera to measure the lid margin thickness in 15 adults, with no significant difference between the upper lid (1.8 mm) and the lower lid (1.7 mm). In this study, the LLMT measured by AS-OCT was less than that reported in the foregoing literature [5, 9-11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Pult et al [11] used a Scheimpflug camera to measure the lid margin thickness in 15 adults, with no significant difference between the upper lid (1.8 mm) and the lower lid (1.7 mm). In this study, the LLMT measured by AS-OCT was less than that reported in the foregoing literature [5, 9-11]. One major reason for this discrepancy was that the LLMT we measured only included the width of the keratinized lid margin surface, excluding the marginal mucous membrane and MCJ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the measurement of the lid margin thickness could be helpful to evaluate several different eye disorders. Up to date, several measurements such as ruler, vernier micrometer, and Scheimpflug camera [9-11] have been used to measure the lid margin thickness from the posterior lash line to the posterior margin, which is a relatively constant feature of the lid margin [5], but these measurements have some limitations in clinical practice due to the inconvenience and/or complexity of the instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of the Lower Lid Margin Thickness by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Wang

Liu

2020

Ophthalmic Res

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Purpose: To verify the feasibility of using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to measure the lower lid margin thickness (LLMT) from posterior lash line to the mucocutaneous junction. Methods: This was a prospective, single-center, observational study. Fifty-six volunteers between 20 and 79 years old with normal healthy eyes were included in this study. Using AS-OCT to measure the LLMT at the middle position was separately performed by two operators under the same conditions. Results: The mean age of 56 subjects (24 males and 32 females) was 45.4 ± 15.7 years. The LLMT measured by AS-OCT between two operators was 0.86 ± 0.23 mm and 0.85 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. The reliability and repeatability between two operators were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.97). Based on one operator’s measurements, the LLMT was 0.70 ± 0.10 mm at ages 20–29, 0.68 ± 0.09 mm at ages 30–39, 0.94 ± 0.12 mm at ages 40–49, 0.93 ± 0.20 mm at ages 50–59, 1.03 ± 0.15 mm at ages 60–69, and 1.24 ± 0.19 mm at ages 70–79, which indicated a significant positive correlation with age (r_s = 0.74, p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in the LLMT between genders (0.94 ± 0.26 vs. 0.80 ± 0.19 mm, p = 0.03). Conclusions: A good agreement between two operators indicated that it seemed to be feasible to use AS-OCT to measure the LLMT. Additionally, we found that the LLMT appeared to be closely related to age and gender.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of the Lower Lid Margin Thickness by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Wang

Liu

2020

Ophthalmic Res

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“…This surface does not have an even and constant shape and alters under the effect of different factors like gaze 35 or blinking. 25 LW is posterior to ML and is wider than it (approximately 2 mm vs nearly 0.1 mm). 36 In contrast to ML, LW shows no staining under normal circumstances.…”

Section: Pathological Lid Margin Staining Lid-wiper Epitheliopathymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…25 Furthermore, during lid closure phase of blinking, upper and lower tear menisci are combined together. 25 In the opening phase of blinking, lid margins return to their previous locations and tear menisci start to form again due to capillary pressure. In addition, during opening phase of blinking punctal drainage happens.…”

Section: Tear Meniscus Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Coffee Ring Effect” in Ophthalmology

Rajabi

Sharifzadeh²

2016

Medicine

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The process of formation of Marx line is studied in this article. Various theories have been proposed previously, in order to explain the mechanisms which lead to the development of Marx line. These theories are based on the characteristics of stained area and do not pay attention to the behavior of dye solution itself on the surface. The aim of this study is to investigate the latter behavior and introduce a new theory based on it, in order to explain the process of the Marx line formation.This study also introduces “Coffee Ring Effect” and its possible applications in explaining some ophthalmological phenomena.The effect of dye solution's behavior on the beneath surface is adopted in order to propose a novel theory. This new hypothesis is called “Anionic Dye Deposition” which was based on “Coffee Ring Effect” phenomenon. For evaluation of this theory, Evaporation pattern of Rose Bengal and fluorescein were analyzed on different surfaces. Furthermore, the effect of tear meniscus alteration on lid margin staining is studied.During the evaporation process of dye solutions, it was observed that almost all of the solute was deposited at the edge of the drop on hydrophilic surfaces. Furthermore, in the study of lid margin staining, it is observed that tear meniscus alteration during gaze affects staining pattern. This observation invalidates former hypotheses which only focus on stained surface characteristics.According to the observations in this study, it is proposed that Marx line staining occurs as a result of “anionic dye deposition” due to evaporation.

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Application of optical coherence tomography and keratograph in the measurements of lower lid margin thickness

Wang

Tang

Xiao-jun

et al. 2023

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the applicability of lower lid margin thickness (LLMT) measurements in adults with and without meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and keratograph. Methods This is a cross-sectional, observational study. A hundred and eight volunteers aged 20 to 79, including 68 MGD patients and 40 normal subjects, were recruited. Using OCT and keratograph to measure the LLMT from the posterior lash line to anterior edge or outer edge of the tear meniscus was separately performed two times by the same person. Results The mean age of normal and MGD subjects was 50.5 ± 14.2 years and 55.8 ± 15.5 years, respectively. The LLMT with OCT and keratograph in MGD patients was significantly greater than that in normal subjects (1.06 ± 0.27 and 1.03 ± 0.25 mm vs. 0.90 ± 0.20 and 0.86 ± 0.16 mm, respectively). In both normal and MGD subjects, the tear meniscus height and LLMT with OCT were both greater than that with keratograph (P < 0.05), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated a good agreement in the LLMT measurements between two devices (ICC = 0.83 and 0.79, respectively). Additionally, the LLMT in MGD patients was appeared to be positively correlated with meiboscore (rs = 0.37, P = 0.002). Conclusions The OCT and keratograph were two reliable tools in the LLMT measurements, which may have potential applications for diagnosis and evaluation of MGD. Furthermore, we found that the LLMT measured by OCT was greater than that measured by keratograph.

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A new model of central lid margin apposition and tear film mixing in spontaneous blinking

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Measurement of the Lower Lid Margin Thickness by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Measurement of the Lower Lid Margin Thickness by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

“Coffee Ring Effect” in Ophthalmology

Application of optical coherence tomography and keratograph in the measurements of lower lid margin thickness

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