A new Hyphessobrycon (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the middle Amazon basin, Brazil

Abstract

Hyphessobrycon montagi, new species, is described from tributaries of the Rio Arapiuns, a left margin affluent of the lower Rio Tapajós, Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from all its congeners by the possession of a combination of two well-defined humeral blotches, connected by a narrow stripe, and a caudal peduncle blotch. A putatively monophyletic Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group, restricted to H. heterorhabdus, H. amapaensis, and H. eschwartzae, is herein proposed based on shared derived features of color pattern. Alternative proposals of a "Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus group" presented in the recent literature are evaluated and criticized.

Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

“…Color patterns have been suggested convey a phylogenetic signal among recently described species of Hyphessobrycon (e.g., Bertaco et al, 2007;Benine & Lopes, 2008;Zanata & Camelier, 2010;Ingenito et al, 2013;Dagosta et al, 2014;Lima et al, 2014). One pattern was proposed as a putative synapomorphy for part of Hyphessobrycon (the "rosy tetra clade", Weitzman & Palmer, 1997) including H. compressus.…”

The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic and in euthanasia procedure for small-sized tropical fishes

“…Hyphessobrycon and Hemigrammus are two speciose genus of small-sized fishes from the Characidae family occurring from northern cis-Andean South America, including the Amazon, Orinoco, La Plata, and São Francisco river basins, and rivers of Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana, and northeastern Brazil. They have, respectively, 136 and 54 species recognized as valid (Britski and Lima, 2008;Lima et al, 2014;Ota et al, 2014). The experiment was carried out using the environmental conditions found in the lagoon in order to minimize the stress caused on individuals and, more importantly, to replicate the conditions experienced by fishes in mark-recapture studies.…”

A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes, Characidae) from the upper Guaviare River, Orinoco River Basin, Colombia

“…Among these species groups we find those defined by the presence of a dark longitudinal stripe (group e, Géry 1977: 470) which is further subdivided into the Hyphessobrycon agulha -group: including species with the lower half of the body all dark, especially above the anal fin, an usually horizontally elongate humeral spot that is more or less united with an asymmetrical, broad lateral stripe (Géry 1977: 470), the H. agulha -group was recently defined by Ohara and Lima (2015: 568) to include species that have a broad, relatively diffuse lateral stripe (typically more discernible ventrally, posterior to the midbody) and a humeral blotch that may or may not coalesce with the stripe, included the following species in this group: H. agulha , H. herbertaxelrodi , H. metae , H. peruvianus , H. mutabilis and H. loretoensis (in the latter two, the humeral blotch may or may not coalesce with the stripe), which also includes the following species: H. clavatus , H. lucenorum , H. vanzolinii , H. margaritae and Hyphessobrycon klausanni sp. n. Also, Lima et al (2014) define the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus -group: to include species that share a well-defined, elongated humeral blotch, which is continuous with a midlateral, well-defined dark stripe that becomes blurred towards the caudal peduncle and also have a longitudinal red stripe, extending along the body above the midlateral line, as well as on the upper half of the eye red in living specimens that includes: H. heterorhabdus , H. amapaensis , H. eschwartzae and H. montagi . Hyphessobrycon klausanni is similar to H. metae , with which it shares a well-developed broad midlateral stripe and a well-developed humeral blotch.…”

“…Although in our opinion the artificial groupings based on pigmentation patterns proposed by Géry (1977) lack a systematic basis upon which to evaluate relationships among species of Hyphessobrycon , some recent contributions use these criteria to segregate groups of species (Lima et al 2014, García-Alzate et al 2015, Ohara and Lima 2015, Zarske 2015) in an attempt to clarify the alpha taxonomy that forms the basis of our systematic study of this group. Among these species groups we find those defined by the presence of a dark longitudinal stripe (group e, Géry 1977: 470) which is further subdivided into the Hyphessobrycon agulha -group: including species with the lower half of the body all dark, especially above the anal fin, an usually horizontally elongate humeral spot that is more or less united with an asymmetrical, broad lateral stripe (Géry 1977: 470), the H. agulha -group was recently defined by Ohara and Lima (2015: 568) to include species that have a broad, relatively diffuse lateral stripe (typically more discernible ventrally, posterior to the midbody) and a humeral blotch that may or may not coalesce with the stripe, included the following species in this group: H. agulha , H. herbertaxelrodi , H. metae , H. peruvianus , H. mutabilis and H. loretoensis (in the latter two, the humeral blotch may or may not coalesce with the stripe), which also includes the following species: H. clavatus , H. lucenorum , H. vanzolinii , H. margaritae and Hyphessobrycon klausanni sp.…”