A new high-power, dual-band, E-plane, ferrite circulator

Design and Synthesis of Ferrite Strip-Line Circulator Based on Enhanced Closed Form Solution and Power Handling Analysis

“…The power handling of a circulator cannot exceed the capacity of the waveguides or connectors that interface with it, but in many cases the basic structure of circulator itself will limit the power handling. Waveguide circulators have high power handling performance than strip-line circulators [68], [69]. Some strip-lines circulators from industrial specifications have power handling around 10 W on average, and the peak power is limited to the power of connector itself.…”

Ferrite-Based Multiport Circulators With RF Co-Designed Bandpass Filtering Capabilities

“…N ON-RECIPROCAL RF components, such as isolators or circulators, are of increasing importance in emerging RF front-ends as they serve two primary roles: 1) they separate the transmitted from the received RF signals in full-duplex RF transceivers [1], [2], [3] and 2) they protect sensitive RF devices against unwanted reflections [4]. One of the main approaches to realize isolators/circulators is to incorporate ferromagnetic materials within the volume of a two-port or a three-port microwave network and achieve non-reciprocity by applying magnetic biasing [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]. Notable demonstrations of ferrite-based devices include: 1) waveguide-type isolators/circulators [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], where a ferrite slab is integrated within a 3-D waveguide or a Y-junction; 2) stripline-based [15], [16], [17], [18], <...…”

“…One of the main approaches to realize isolators/circulators is to incorporate ferromagnetic materials within the volume of a two-port or a three-port microwave network and achieve non-reciprocity by applying magnetic biasing [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]. Notable demonstrations of ferrite-based devices include: 1) waveguide-type isolators/circulators [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], where a ferrite slab is integrated within a 3-D waveguide or a Y-junction; 2) stripline-based [15], [16], [17], [18], [19] and microstrip-based [20], [21], [22], [23] isolators/circulators; 3) four-port phase shifters, couplers, and circulators in [24],…”

“…Waveguide-based isolators/circulators exhibit low insertion loss (IL) (<1 dB in [7] and [9]) and can be used in high power and higher frequency (i.e., X-band in [6], [7], [8], [9], [12], and [14]) applications; however, they are really large in size. The stripline-based isolators/circulators are smaller and can also be designed for dual-band functionality [16], [18].…”

Projeto e análise de aplicações de circuladores ativos para a operação em frequências de ultrassom Doppler de ondas contínuas

“…Muitos estudos foram conduzidos nessa direção, concentrados em duas áreas de pesquisa: efeitos relacionados ao aumento de temperatura devido à absorção das ondas de ultrassom e efeitos vinculados à cavitação em microbolhas nos tecidos (Williams, 1983). As maiores preocupações quanto ao aquecimento estão em tecidos extremamente sensíveis -como embriões, cérebro e coluna vertebral de fetos, e cérebro e olhos de neonatais (Repacholi et al, 1987) -e esse efeito está diretamente associado à intensidade da onda de ultrassom e aos efeitos de sua propagação não linear nos tecidos (Kinsler et al, 1999 (Razavipour et al, 2009). As suas aplicações estão relacionadas com a transmissão e recepção de sinais em altas frequências e potências de operação e geralmente são projetados para operarem em uma faixa de frequências de 50MHz até 20GHz (Philips Semiconductor, 1998), o que inclui frequências na faixa de rádio e de micro-ondas.…”