A new class of amperometric biosensor incorporating a polymeric electron-transfer mediator

Hale, Paul D.; Inagaki, Toru; Karan, Hiroko I.; Okamoto, Y.; Skotheim, Terje A.

doi:10.1021/ja00191a084

Cited by 230 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…LOD has been mixed into mediator modified carbon pastes [124,1541 working at around +0.4 to f0.5 V (vs. SCE) or co-immobilized with peroxidase also in paste electrodes [75] operating at -0.05 V (vs. Ag/AgCI). L-Lactate monooxygenase in paste electrodes was shown to react with flexible ferrocene polymers around f0.3 V (vs. SCE) [96].…”

Section: Sensors For L-lactate and Pyruvatementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon paste electrodes modified with enzymes, tissues, and cells

1995

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A review is presented dealing with the use of carbon paste amperometric electrodes for electroanalytical purposes, with either the surface or the bulk being modified with biologically derived material such as enzymes, tissues, and cells. It covers virtually all the publications which have appeared from the very first enzyme-modified carbon paste electrode up to early 1994 and includes 220 references.

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Section: Sensors For L-lactate and Pyruvatementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon paste electrodes modified with enzymes, tissues, and cells

1995

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“…The CVs of GOx/CMG-IL/Au electrodes represented a decrease of cathodic peak current following the increase of the glucose concentration due to the direct reduction of GOx with glucose at the electrode surface based on the following reaction [12,17,21].…”

Section: Direct Electrocatalytic Analysis For the Glucose Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Glucose Biosensor Using Advanced Electrode Modified by Nanohybrid Composing Chemically Modified Graphene and Ionic Liquid

et al. 2010

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Nanohybrids of chemically modified graphene (CMG) and ionic liquid (IL) were prepared by sonication to modify the electrode. The modified CMG-IL electrodes showed a higher current and smaller peak-to-peak potential separation than a bare electrode due to the promoted electron transfer rate. Furthermore, the glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on the modified electrode displayed direct electron transfer rate and symmetrical redox potentials with a linear relationship at different scan rates. The fabricated GOx/CMG-IL electrodes were developed selective glucose biosensor with respect to a sensitivity of 0.64 mA mM À1, detection limit of 0.376 mM, and response time of < 5 s.

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“…After evaporation of the solvent, 2.5 mg of choline oxidase, 2.8 nig of acetylcholinesterase, and 10 pl o f paraffin oil were then added, and the resulting mixture was blended into a paste. It has previously been shown that other flavoenzynies, such as glucose oxidase [19][20][21], glycolate oxidase [22], and lactate oxidase [23], retain their activiv when incorporated into a carbon paste matrix. The paste was packed into an electrode holder (Bioanalytical Systems, W. Lafayette, IN, Model ME'-201 5, inner diameter: 1.6 mm), which had previously been partially filled with unmodified carbon paste, leaving approximately a 1 mm deep well at the base o f the holder.…”

Section: Electrode Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme‐modified carbon paste: Tetrathiafulvalene electrodes for the determination of acetylcholine

1991

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The response characteristics of a new sensor for determining acetylcholine are reported. The sensor is based on a carbon paste electrode containing the enzymes acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase and the electron transfer mediator tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). TlT is shown to efficiently reoxidize the reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide centers of choline oxidase. Acetylcholine calibration graphs are obtained in the range to M in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, and the sensors are shown to operate efficiently at low applied potentials, where electrochemical interference due to oxidation of ascorbic acid is minimized. hWRODUCTIONThe role of acetylcholine (ACh) as a neurotransmitter has been known for many years, and is well documented [ 11. Several methods for acetylcholine determination have been reported, including radio-labeling [2, 31 and gas chromatographic [4] methods, as well as enzyme-based analysis techniques that couple high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line enzyme reactors and electrochemical detection [5-71. In these latter systems, the actual detected species is hydrogen peroxide, which is the electroactive by-product of the following enzymatic reactions:In this scheme, AChE and ChO refer to acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase, respectively. More recently, enzyme-modified electrodes for ACh determination have been studied; these are also based on the monitoring of the H1O, produced [8, 91 or the 0, consumed [ 101 in Equation 2 above. Although these systems are sensitive and specific in the measurement of ACh and choline, the response can be strongly affected by fluctuations in the ambient concentration of oxygen. Also, in the case of H,O, detection, the working potential of such a device is quite high (HIO1 is oxidized at approximately + 0.7 V vs. the saturated calomel electrode, or SCE), and hence the sensor is highly sensitive to easily oxidized interferents, such as ascorbic acid.'To whom correspondence should be addressed.A direct dependence on O2 concentration can be avoided by using an organic metal electrode such as ITF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane), which has been shown to reoxidize the reduced flavin centers of choline oxidase efficiently [ 11, 121; this material also allows the sensor to be operated at a much lower potential than that based on H,O, detection. Alternatively, an artificial electron transfer mediator could be used to shuttle electrons from choline oxidase to an electrode. However, the mediator most commonly used in amperometric glucose sensors, ferrocene [ 131, does not reoxidize the flavin centers of choline oxidase efficiently [ 141.In the present article, we describe the use of another species, tetrathiafulvalene ("F), as an electron transfer mediator in carbon paste electrodes containing acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase. This species has previously been studied as a mediator in combination with The sensor is based on a carbon paste electrode containing the enzymes acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase and 'ITF a s the e...

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A new class of amperometric biosensor incorporating a polymeric electron-transfer mediator

Cited by 230 publications

References 1 publication

Carbon paste electrodes modified with enzymes, tissues, and cells

Carbon paste electrodes modified with enzymes, tissues, and cells

Development of a Glucose Biosensor Using Advanced Electrode Modified by Nanohybrid Composing Chemically Modified Graphene and Ionic Liquid

Enzyme‐modified carbon paste: Tetrathiafulvalene electrodes for the determination of acetylcholine

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