Development of a Glucose Biosensor Using Advanced Electrode Modified by Nanohybrid Composing Chemically Modified Graphene and Ionic Liquid

Abstract

Nanohybrids of chemically modified graphene (CMG) and ionic liquid (IL) were prepared by sonication to modify the electrode. The modified CMG-IL electrodes showed a higher current and smaller peak-to-peak potential separation than a bare electrode due to the promoted electron transfer rate. Furthermore, the glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on the modified electrode displayed direct electron transfer rate and symmetrical redox potentials with a linear relationship at different scan rates. The fabricated GOx/CMG-IL electrodes were developed selective glucose biosensor with respect to a sensitivity of 0.64 mA mM À1, detection limit of 0.376 mM, and response time of < 5 s.

One-pot synthesis of Au nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and their application for electrochemical H2O2, glucose, and hydrazine sensing

“…Good linear relationships are observed between the catalytic current and glucose concentration at ranges from 0 to 1 mM (r=0.998) and from 3 to 21 mM (r=0.996), respectively. The detection limit is estimated to be 20 μM with a signal-to-noise ratio of Note that our present sensing system gives lower detection limit than that of GOD/AuNPs/rGO/chitosan-based system (180 μM) [39], GOD/AuNPs/rGO/ionic liquid (IL) biosensor (130 μM) [40] and GOD-chemically modified graphene-IL (376 μM) [41], etc. The relative standard deviation of the response to 1 mM of glucose is 1.9 % for ten successive measurements, indicating the good reproducibility of GOD/AuNPs/rGO/GCE.…”

A review on electrodes modified with ionic liquids

“…Other group of IL containing composite film electrodes modified with horseradish peroxidase [27], hemoglobin [80,86,90,91,128], cytochrome c [116] or chloroperoxidase [81] exhibits catalysis of dioxygen reduction. Direct electrochemistry of another important enzyme, glucose oxidase immobilized on film electrode containing IL [38,114,117,138,139,158,163] or its mixture with dimethylformamide [117,158,163], was also reported. These and other electrodes were applied for bioelectrocatalysis of glucose [38,75,114,117,119,123,138,138,158,163,164].…”

“…In this case, viscous IL consisting of charged species serves as a binder making film mechanically stable. The immobilized conducting elements include the following: multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) [38,93,[104][105][106][107][108], amine-functionalized MWCNTs [109], single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [110][111][112], porous carbon nanofibers [113], graphenes [114], polymer-functionalized graphene sheets [115], gold nanoparticles [116][117][118], PtCo alloy nanoparticles [67,119] and CdTe quantum dots [120]. Perhaps strong interactions between nanoobjects and IL components result in stable film formation and decrease their aggregation enhancing their electrocatalytic reactivity.…”

Graphene-Enveloped Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)/Sulfur Composites with Improved Performances for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by A Simple Vibrating-Emulsification Method

“…And the semicircle in the low-frequency (LF) region may be attributed to the reprecipitated PVK film on the surface of active materials. The diameter of the semicircle along the X-axis represents the resistance value, which is one of the important factors in electrochemical reactions [37][38][39]. It can be seen that the PVK/S@RGO-3 shows the smallest charge transfer resistance compared to the S@RGO, PVK/S@RGO-2 and PVK/S@RGO-4.…”