“…During the past 20 years, empirically supported clinical outcomes research has demonstrated that ACNPs provide safe, cost-effective quality care and high levels of patient satisfaction (Collins et al, 2014;David, Britting, & Dalton, 2015;Gaies et al, 2012;Hamden, Jeanmonod, Gualtieri, & Jeanmonod, 2014;Kapu, Wheeler, & Lee, 2014;Kapu & Kleinpell, 2013;Newhouse, et al, 2011;Sawatzky, Christie, & Singal, 2013;Sidani & Doran, 2010;Steuer & Kopan, 2011;Tsai, Sullivan, Ginde, & Camargo, 2010). The evidence base has also expanded related to education and certification Bolick et al, 2013Bolick et al, , 2012Bolick et al, , 2011Hawkins-Walsh et al, 2011;Keough, Stevenson, Martinovich, Young, & Tanabe, 2011;Melander & Settles, 2011); orientation and implementation models (Liego, Loomis, Van Leuven, & Dragoo, 2014;Yeager, 2010); practice activities (Aleshire, Wheeler, & Prevost, 2012;Auerhahn, Mezey, Stanley, & Wilson, 2012;Carberry et al, 2013;Jones, Edwards, & While, 2011;Kilpatrick, 2011;Pirret, Neville, & LaGrow, 2014;Kleinpell & Goolsby, 2012;Sorce, Simone, & Madden, 2010); scope of practice (Kartha et al, 2014;Kleinpell, Hudspeth, Scordo, & Magdic, 2012); and workforce issues (Kleinpell et al, 2014).…”