A Multistep Approach in the Cytologic Evaluation of Liver Biopsy Samples of Dogs with Hepatic Diseases

Abstract

Cytologic criteria were evaluated for their diagnostic value in liver disease in dogs. Therefore, histopathologic and cytologic examination was performed on liver biopsy samples of 73 dogs with liver diseases and 28 healthy dogs. Logistic regression analysis was used to select the measured parameters to be included in a multistep approach. With the logistic regression method, different characteristic cytologic parameters could be defined for each histopathologic diagnosis. In malignant lymphoma of the liver, the presence of large numbers of lymphoblasts with a minimum of 5% of all cells was found. Clusters of epithelial cells with several cytologic characteristics of malignancy intermixed with normal hepatocytes were indicative of metastatic carcinoma or cholangiocellular carcinoma. Liver cells in hepatocellular carcinoma were characterized by a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, large cell diameters, increased numbers of nucleoli per nuclei, small numbers of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and frequently, small numbers of lymphocytes. Extrahepatic cholestasis was characterized by excessive extracellular bile pigment in the form of biliary casts, an increased number of nucleoli within hepatocytes, decreased hepatic cell size, and low numbers of lymphocytes. In destructive cholangiolitis, increased numbers of neutrophils and a small mean nuclear size within hepatocytes were seen. Acute and nonspecific reactive hepatitis are diagnosed based on the presence of moderate reactive nuclear patterns, including more pronounced chromatin, prominent nucleoli, increased numbers of inflammatory cells, excluding lymphocytes, and the absence of increased numbers of bile duct cell clusters. Increased number of mast cells also was indicative of nonspecific reactive hepatitis. Important cytologic criteria for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, in addition to chronic hepatitis, are intracellular bile accumulation and increased numbers of bile duct cell clusters. In summary, the stepwise approach based on logistic regression presented in this study might be helpful in the objective cytologic diagnosis of hepatic diseases.

Histological changes of the liver and metabolic correlates in ewes with pregnancy toxemia

“…The extent of degeneration was evaluated at 200x power magnification taking the liver acinus as a structural unit, considering peripheral, midzonal, and centrilobular localizations: zones I to III, respectively. The severity of cellular vacuolar degeneration was evaluated at 400x power magnification and scored according to Stockhaus et al (2004): 1 = small amounts in a minority of cells, 2 = variable amounts in a majority of cells, and 3 = large amounts in almost every hepatocyte.…”

“…Available information about pregnancy toxemia focus mainly on pathogenic mechanisms and clinical features (Reid, 1968;Wastney et al, 1983;Marteniuk, 1988;Andrews, 1997), early diagnosis (Sargison et al, 1994;Scott et al, 1995), and therapeutic options (Wierda et al, 1985;Buswell et al, 1986;Marteniuk and Herdt, 1988;El-Hamamsy et al, 1990). …”

Histological changes of liver tissue and serobiochemical relation in does with pregnancy ketosis

“…All liver specimens obtained by biopsy were processed and stained using hematoxylin and eosin. The present of fat droplet in liver cell and severity of cellular vacuolar degeneration was evaluated at 20 times and 40 times of power magnification and scored according to Stockhaus et al (2004): 1 = small amounts in a minority of cells, 2 = variable amounts in a majority of cells, and 3 = large amounts in almost every hepatocyte.…”

Variação da ecogenicidade difusa em parênquima hepático homogêneo relacionada aos achados bioquímicos e hematológicos em cães

“…Desta forma, pode-se reafirmar que a ultrassonografia é uma ferramenta essencial para identificar anormalidades no parênquima hepático e trato biliar (Cartee 1981, Lamb 1990, Biller, et al 1992, Barr 1995, Selcer 1995, Feeney et al 2008. No entanto, não é específica para determinar a etiologia das enfermidades (Konde et al 2005, Feeney et al 2008, Kemp et al 2013, o que torna necessário a realização de métodos como citologia com agulha fina e biópsia hepática para obtenção do diagnóstico definitivo (Santilli & Biller 1993, Stockhaus et al 2004, Nyland et al 2005. Neste projeto levou-se em consideração o aspecto real da rotina veterinária em hospitais particulares, onde o em um cão e de ALP em dois outros cães.…”