A multi-level model of blood lead as a function of air lead

Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer; Meng, Qingyu; Davis, Jerry; Cohen, Jonathan B.; Svendsgaard, David J.; Brown, James S.; Tuttle, Lauren; Hubbard, Heidi; Rice, John; Kirrane, Ellen; Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa; Kotchmar, Dennis; Hines, Erin P.; Ross, Muriel D.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.008

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Specifically, industrially emitted lead and lead in the soil are dispersed into the atmosphere through human activities, and breathing introduces the atmospheric lead into the body, thereby increasing the blood lead concentration. This was supported by Richmond-Bryant et al ( 27 ), who reported that atmospheric lead concentration influences blood lead concentration in the general population, and Zahran et al ( 28 ), who found the same specifically among young children. In general, when physical activity increases, so does respiratory rate and tidal volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Physical Activity and Blood Lead Concentration in Korea: Study Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2013)

Rhie

Lee

2016

J Korean Med Sci

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Physical activity normally has a positive influence on health, however it can be detrimental in the presence of air pollution. Lead, a heavy metal with established adverse health effects, is a major air pollutant. We evaluated the correlation between blood lead concentration and physical activity using data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed after dividing participants according to whether they were in the top 25% in the distribution of blood lead concentration (i.e., ≥ 2.76 µg/dL), with physical activity level as an independent variable and adjusting for factors such as age, sex, drinking, smoking, body mass index, region, and occupation. The high physical activity group had greater odds of having a blood lead concentration higher than 2.76 µg/dL (odds ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.11–1.51) compared to the low physical activity group. Furthermore, blood lead concentration is correlated with increasing physical activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Physical Activity and Blood Lead Concentration in Korea: Study Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2013)

Rhie

Lee

2016

J Korean Med Sci

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“…Data sets . Richmond-Bryant et al (2013) provided a detailed description of the data sets used in this analysis, which is summarized briefly here. We obtained participant-level data for this analysis from the NHANES III (1988–1994) and Continuous NHANES (1999–2008) (hereafter referred to as NHANES 9908) surveys [ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2014 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Declining Air Lead Levels on Blood Lead–Air Lead Slope Factors in Children

Richmond-Bryant

Meng

Davis

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: It is difficult to discern the proportion of blood lead (PbB) attributable to ambient air lead (PbA), given the multitude of lead (Pb) sources and pathways of exposure. The PbB–PbA relationship has previously been evaluated across populations. This relationship was a central consideration in the 2008 review of the Pb national ambient air quality standards.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between PbB and PbA concentrations among children nationwide for recent years and to compare the relationship with those obtained from other studies in the literature.Methods: We merged participant-level data for PbB from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and NHANES 9908 (1999–2008) with PbA data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We applied mixed-effects models, and we computed slope factor, d[PbB]/d[PbA] or the change in PbB per unit change in PbA, from the model results to assess the relationship between PbB and PbA.Results: Comparing the NHANES regression results with those from the literature shows that slope factor increased with decreasing PbA among children 0–11 years of age.Conclusion: These findings suggest that a larger relative public health benefit may be derived among children from decreases in PbA at low PbA exposures. Simultaneous declines in Pb from other sources, changes in PbA sampling uncertainties over time largely related to changes in the size distribution of Pb-bearing particulate matter, and limitations regarding sampling size and exposure error may contribute to the variability in slope factor observed across peer-reviewed studies.Citation: Richmond-Bryant J, Meng Q, Davis A, Cohen J, Lu SE, Svendsgaard D, Brown JS, Tuttle L, Hubbard H, Rice J, Kirrane E, Vinikoor-Imler LC, Kotchmar D, Hines EP, Ross M. 2014. The Influence of declining air lead levels on blood lead–air lead slope factors in children. Environ Health Perspect 122:754–760; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307072

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“…This was an expected finding and is most likely due to the fact that leaded gasoline was still marketed in Italy at the time of EPIC enrolment (1992–1998; it was definitively banned in 2002). In this regard, it is worth highlighting that the influence of ambient Pb on biological levels appear to have decreased over the last two decades [25], which is confirmed by recent data from several countries including Italy [19,26]. A rather unexpected finding was the complete lack of association between dietary habits and erythrocyte lead concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…As already mentioned, leaded gasoline was still in use in Italy at the time of the EPIC enrolment, and the lack of geocoded proxy measure of traffic-related air pollution (e.g., particulate matter or nitrogen dioxide) represents a possible source of misclassification of exposure, and may help explain the moderate proportion of overall variance explained by our model. Also, because of decreasing ubiquitous exposure to ambient air lead [25], the impact of lifestyle-related factors, including individual dietary habits, on erythrocyte lead levels, may be stronger today than in the past. There is evidence that early exposure to lead (e.g., those amenable to a lower socio-economic status of parents, including living in poorly maintained houses, and passive exposure to parental smoking) substantially affects blood lead levels in children [45,46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Erythrocyte Lead Levels in 454 Adults in Florence, Italy

Caini¹,

Bendinelli²,

Masala³

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Lead exposure, even at low levels, is associated with adverse health effects in humans. We investigated the determinants of individual lead levels in a general population-based sample of adults from Florence, Italy. Methods: Erythrocyte lead levels were measured (using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) in 454 subjects enrolled in the Florence cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study in 1992–1998. Multiple linear regression models were used to study the association between demographics, education and working history, lifestyle, dietary habits, anthropometry, residential history, and (among women) menstrual and reproductive history and use of exogenous sex hormones, and erythrocyte lead levels. Results: Median lead levels were 86.1 μg/L (inter-quartile range 65.5–111.9 μg/L). Male gender, older age, cigarette smoking and number of pack-years, alcohol intake, and residing in urban areas were positively associated with higher erythrocyte lead levels, while performing professional/managerial or administrative work or being retired was inversely associated with lead levels. Among women, lead levels were higher for those already in menopause, and lower among those who ever used hormone replacement therapy. Conclusions: Avoidable risk factors contribute to the lead body burden among adults, which could therefore be lowered through targeted public health measures.

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A multi-level model of blood lead as a function of air lead

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Physical Activity and Blood Lead Concentration in Korea: Study Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2013)

Physical Activity and Blood Lead Concentration in Korea: Study Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2013)

The Influence of Declining Air Lead Levels on Blood Lead–Air Lead Slope Factors in Children

Determinants of Erythrocyte Lead Levels in 454 Adults in Florence, Italy

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