A multi-functional minimally-disruptive portable electrochemical system based on yeast/Co3O4/Au/SPEs for blood lead (II) measurement

Biological and technical challenges for implementation of yeast‐based biosensors

“…In fact, the Estramonitor is commercialized by Quodata, Germany (Hettwer et al, 2018). Some examples of yeast-based electrochemical biosensors that have been developed, mostly in S. cerevisiae: for glucose detection, taking advantage of the Ostrov et al, 2017;Pham et al, 2012 yeast cell surface technology (Wang et al, 2015); for blood lead detection, by using yeast cells cross-linked to Co 3 O 4 /Au composite (Nie et al, 2019); for in situ monitoring of dissolved oxygen levels in environmental waters, with yeast and glucose substrates acting as biocatalyst and fuel, respectively (Christwardana et al, 2021). A microbial consortium, based on bacteria and yeast, has been used to develop amperometric multimetal biosensor (Gao et al, 2016).…”

Electrochemical Sensor Based on Biomass Yeast Integrated Sulfur‐doped Graphene and Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes/MoS2 for Highly‐sensitive Detection of Pb2+

“…The peak at 1629.4 cm À 1 was because of the stretching vibrations of C=O bonds, indicating the presence of carboxylate functional groups. The peak at 1541.5 cm À 1 , 1075.6 cm À 1 , and 1216.9 cm À 1 represented the À C=C-, À P=OÀ , and dissociative amine acids, respectively, from the vibration of the structure of yeast [38]. Consistent with the FTIR spectrum of the pure yeast, the FTIR spectrum of the SG/CNTÀ COOH/MoS 2 / yeast nanocomposite also featured a peak at 3404.2 cm À 1 (Figure 5B), indicating that the yeast and SG/ CNTÀ COOH/MoS 2 were successfully combined.…”

An overview of Structured Biosensors for Metal Ions Determination

“…Biological fluids, food, soil, and wastewater analysis have also been exploited, comprising 34% of the surveyed data. Most of applications were directed to liquid samples, such as plasma/serum [7,9,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], juices [9], and wastewaters [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56].…”

“…Lyophilized cells have also been employed to act as pre-concentration probes of biosensors. Cu(II) [89,90] and Pb(II) [43] determinations using adsorptive stripping voltammetry were performed with immobilized microalgae and yeasts, which are prone to the construction of biosensors because of their high resistance, low cost, and ready availability. Biosensors based on Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Tetraselmis chuii were used for Cu(II) detection as low as 29 ng L −1 .…”

“…Besides the natural accumulation of cations, modifications of cell walls were also explored. The detection of Pb(II) was estimated at 3.4 × 10 −6 ng L −1 by using a biosensor with immobilized yeast cells coated with Co 3 O 4 and Au nanoparticles, which were responsible for the adsorption of the analyte [43].…”