A Multi-Analytical Investigation of the Materials and Painting Techniques of Wall Paintings in the Eighth to Tenth-Century CE Jain Caves at Ellora, India

Sharma, Anjali; Singh, Rajdeo

doi:10.1080/00393630.2020.1753353

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Terra verte, also known as glauconite, is a green ferrous silicate complex that is formed as a by-product of basalt formation. There existed no evidence regarding the scientific study of pigment samples from Ajanta and Ellora until the recent researches by Singh, which aided in identifying the pigments at Ajanta as yellow ochre, red ochre, green earth, carbon black, lapis lazuli, and kaolin/shell lime [36,70] whereas hematite, cinnabar, green ochre, orpiment, and lime as pigments at Ellora (Figure 4) [71]. A majority of the paintings in India were created on lime plaster or mud plaster ground, with animal glue or another gelatin-based binding medium.…”

Section: Discussion On Earth Pigments Used In India's Wall Paintingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Historical Earth Pigments Used in India’s Wall Paintings

Sharma

Singh²

2021

Heritage

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Iron-containing earth minerals of various hues were the earliest pigments of the prehistoric artists who dwelled in caves. Being a prominent part of human expression through art, nature-derived pigments have been used in continuum through ages until now. Studies reveal that the primitive artist stored or used his pigments as color cakes made out of skin or reeds. Although records to help understand the technical details of Indian painting in the early periodare scanty, there is a certain amount of material from which some idea may be gained regarding the methods used by the artists to obtain their results. Considering Indian wall paintings, the most widely used earth pigments include red, yellow, and green ochres, making it fairly easy for the modern era scientific conservators and researchers to study them. The present knowledge on material sources given in the literature is limited and deficient as of now, hence the present work attempts to elucidate the range of earth pigments encountered in Indian wall paintings and the scientific studies and characterization by analytical techniques that form the knowledge background on the topic. Studies leadingto well-founded knowledge on pigments can contribute towards the safeguarding of Indian cultural heritage as well as spread awareness among conservators, restorers, and scholars.

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Section: Discussion On Earth Pigments Used In India's Wall Paintingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcite and gypsum both were used either as white pigments or ground in many rock and cave paintings of India [64][65][66][67][68][69]. Through his researchSingh has identified calcite as the white pigment used at the Ajanta and Ellora paintings [70,71].…”

Section: Calcite and Gypsummentioning

confidence: 99%