A movimentação de gás natural comprimido e liquefeito em pequena escala: as fronteiras de competitividade do modal rodoviário

Abstract

FRAGA, Denis Martins. The logistics of compressed natural gas and small-scale LNG: the competitive frontier of the road's modal. 2018. 165 f. Master's Dissertation-Graduate Program on Energy, University of São Paulo. São Paulo. 2018. The Brazilian natural gas (NG) production has been growing 7,7% per year during 2006 and 2016, this growth has been followed by the increase of the reserves of oil associated natural gas from the fields within the pre-salt polygon. From the demand side, one can observe a growth of 3,4% per annum for the period starting in 2006 to 2018. It Worth to mention that the imported NG supply contract from Bolivia has its termination due to 2019, which will enable the negotiation of conditions of supply such as quantities, term and price. This import contract is expected to reflect the current conditions of demand and future supply from indigenous production in the long term. Based on that, on can observe an imbalance between supply and demand, which can be explored as an opportunity for improvements in the energy security of the country and also as an opportunity for investments in alternative methods for transportation of NG, in order to foster the industry. These alternative methods are described in this research as compressed natural gas (CNG) and small-scale LNG (SSLNG). It is explored not only the competitiveness of those methods but also the cost indicatives and the state of the art technologies are presented. Followed the characterising of CNG and SSLNG, a cost per-unitof-energy estimation model is proposed for CNG and SSLNG and compared with the pipelines cost estimation adopted in the PEMAT. It is demonstrated that, for the transportation volumes of 0.1MTPA, pipelines option is more competitive than SSLNG up to 380 kilometres (km) transportation distance. SSLNG option was observed more competitive for transportation distances higher than 380 km. On the other hand, CNG option has demonstrated competitiveness only against SSLNG option and for transportation distances up to 18 km. For the transportation volumes of 0.5 MTPA and 1 MTPA, the SSLNG option was observed more competitive than the pipeline option, for transport distances higher than 650 km for the former volumes transported and no competitiveness was observed for the latter volumes transported. Additionally, for the sake of illustration, CNG has demonstrated competitiveness against SSLNG and pipeline for lower transported volumes, around 100 times lower than 0.1MTPA. After the cost estimation modelling, the SSLNG model was applied in the municipalities of the state of São Paulo and together with the plan of targets for the NG sector (PMGN) for the state. One can observe 103 municipalities-out of 139-have shown competitive costs of SSLNG in the displacement of electricity and oil fuel for the thermic energy uses in the industrial and agricultural sector. 85 municipalities-out of the 103-were considered in the PMGN as municipalities that would have NG distribution pipelines infrastructure from 2022 to 2029 and could anticipate th...

Liquefied natural gas road transport: a simulation study in Mato Grosso, Brazil

“…For that, a cost estimation model, developed by Fraga (2019), was used, which quantiBies, in the USD/MMBtu unit, all the logistic costs involved in the LNG transportation through trucks. The costs obtained for the LNG supply chain were compared with the costs of fuel oil, diesel oil and electricity, consumed in the agricultural, industrial and transport sectors in the state of MT in 2018.…”

“…In the Bifth step, the cost of Bolivian NG and the taxes related to the movement of products must be added to the total logistic costs. Using the methodology proposed by Fraga (2019), the calculation of the total cost of Small-scale LNG movement is represented by Equation ( 5), which is deBined by the sum of the cost of LNG moved between Bolivia and the LNG delivery point in Cuiabá, with the cost of the Small-scale LNG chain and with the taxes applied to the transportation of goods.…”

“…Within this strategic perspective, this article aims to evaluate the viability of transporting LNG by truck in the MT state, Brazil, comparing the costs of substituting other energy sources for the Bolivian NG and estimating the potential available market in the Bive mesoregions of the state. The methodology approach is based on the cost estimation model, which quantiBies all the logistic costs involved in the LNG transportation through trucks (Fraga, 2019).…”

Elementos para a discussão sobre a renovação do contrato de fornecimento de gás natural boliviano para o Brasil no contexto do aumento da produção brasileira de gás.

“…GNV é normalmente fornecido na forma de gás comprimido (ou GNC), que se encontra em cilindros abastecidos em pressões de até 200 atm. Já para veículos pesados de maior alcance, a entrega do gás tende a ser na forma liquefeita (GNL)(FRAGA, 2018).…”