A more simple and efficient process for recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries with citric acid

Yu, Min; Zhang, Zehui; Xue, Feng; Yang, Bin; Guo, Guangsheng; Qiu, Jianghua

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.027

Cited by 109 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The recovery rate of hydrometallurgy is far from that of pyrometallurgy. In the acid leaching of electrode materials, inorganic acids are mostly used, usually including hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Li et al, 2009;Guo et al, 2016;Barik et al, 2017), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) (Dun-Fang et al, 2009;Meshram et al, 2015Meshram et al, , 2016, nitric acid (HNO 3 ) (Li et al, 2011;Mossini et al, 2015), and phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) (Pinna et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017), while the organic acids studied include citric acid (Li et al, 2010;Gao et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2019), oxalic acid (Zeng et al, 2015), and tartaric acid (Chen et al, 2019). Lee and Rhee (2003) used HCl to recycle LiCoO 2 and revealed the principle of acid leaching:…”

Section: Hydrometallurgical Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Process for the Recycling of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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With the development of electric vehicles involving lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, the demand for lithium ion batteries in the whole industry is increasing, which is bound to lead to a large number of lithium ion batteries in the problem of waste, recycling and reuse. If not handled properly, it will certainly have a negative impact on the environment and resources. Current commercial lithium ion batteries mainly contain transition metal oxides or phosphates, aluminum, copper, graphite, organic electrolytes containing harmful lithium salts, and other chemicals. Therefore, the recycling and reuse of spent lithium ion batteries has been paid more and more attention by many researchers. However, due to the high energy density, high safety and low price of lithium ion batteries have great differences and diversity, the recycling of waste lithium ion batteries has great difficulties. This paper reviews the latest development of the recovery technology of waste lithium ion batteries, including the development of recovery process and products. In addition, the challenges and future economic and application prospects are described.

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Section: Hydrometallurgical Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Process for the Recycling of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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“…98% of Co and 97% of Li were recovered under the leaching condition of 80°C, for 30 minutes, 3 vol% H 2 O 2 and 0.6 mol/L tartaric acid. Yu et al (2019) have invented a direct hydrometallurgy method for valuable metals' recovery without pre-treatment such as being immersed in NMP or calcined. In their research, citric acid and hydrogen peroxide were used as the leaching agent and reductant, respectively.…”

Section: Refining Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery methods and regulation status of waste lithium-ion batteries in China: A mini review

Zhao

et al. 2019

Waste Manag Res

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Heavy metals such as Co, Li, Mn, Ni, etc. and organic compounds enrich spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These batteries seriously threaten human health and the environment. Meanwhile, with the development of new energy vehicles, the shortage of valuable metal resources which are used as raw materials for power batteries is becoming a serious problem. Using proper methods to recycle spent LIBs can both save resources and protect the environment. Pyrometallury is a kind of recycling method that is operated under high temperature with the aim of recovering useful metals after pre-treatment and organic binder removal with the characteristic of high temperature and it is easy to operate. Hydrometallurgy is characterized by high recovery efficiency, low reaction energy consumption, and high reaction rate, and is widely used in the recycling process of spent LIBs. During biometallurgy, valuable metals in the spent LIBs are extracted by microbial metabolism or microbial acid production processes. Since the drive for green and low secondary pollution, biometallurgy as well as solvent extraction and the electrochemical method have earned more attention during recent years. This mini-review analyzes the relationship between the emergence of new energy vehicles and the recycling status of spent LIBs. Meanwhile, this paper also consists of detailed treatment and recycling methods for LIBs and provides a summary of the management regulations of current waste for LIBs. What is more, the main challenges and further prospects in terms of LIBs management in China are analyzed.

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“…Min Yu et al used citric acid as the elution solution to recover Co and lithium in the waste lithium battery. The elution time was 70 minutes, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:25, and the elution rate was 99% when the reaction temperature was 70 °C [22] . Studies have shown that the use of citric acid as a elution agent to remove Co and Ni from soil is a feasible method.…”

Section: Discussmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical elution treatment of synthetic diamond production wastewater contaminated soil

Wang

Yang

et al. 2019

E3S Web Conf.

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The optimal removal conditions of heavy metal Coand Nicomposite contaminated soil were studied by the method of oscillating elution. The removal effects of different eluents on Coand Niat different concentrations were discussed.The results showed that the removal efficiency of citric acid with the concentration of 0.2mol•L-1was the best,and the removal rates of Coand Niwere 73.40% and 73.03%.On this basis, the effects of solid-liquid ratio, pH and elution time on the elution effect were investigated.The resultsshow that the trend of the two heavy metals affected by the above three factors is about the same. As the solid-liquid ratio decreases, the elution effect gradually increases, but the growth range is different.As the pH increases, the elution effect of the two heavy metals decreases. In addition, the removal rates of the two heavy metals show a trend of rising first, then stabilizing, and then continuing to rise. Considering economic factors, time cost and treatment effect, the best elution conditions aresolid-liquid ratio of 1: 20, pH value of 2 and elution time of 6 h.

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A more simple and efficient process for recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries with citric acid

Cited by 109 publications

References 21 publications

The Current Process for the Recycling of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

The Current Process for the Recycling of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

Recovery methods and regulation status of waste lithium-ion batteries in China: A mini review

Chemical elution treatment of synthetic diamond production wastewater contaminated soil

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