A molecular, isozyme and morphological map of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) genome

Abstract

A map of the barley genome consisting of 295 loci was constructed. These loci include 152 cDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 114 genomic DNA RFLP, 14 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), five isozyme, two morphological, one disease resistance and seven specific amplicon polymorphism (SAP) markers. The RFLP-identified loci include 63 that were detected using cloned known function genes as probes. The map covers 1,250 centiMorgans (cM) with a 4.2 cM average distance between markers. The genetic lengths of the chromosomes range from 124 to 223 cM and are in approximate agreement with their physical lengths. The centromeres were localized to within a few markers on all of the barley chromosomes except chromosome 5. Telomeric regions were mapped for the short (plus) arms of chromosomes 1, 2 and 3 and the long (minus) arm of chromosomes 7.

A high density barley microsatellite consensus map with 775 SSR loci

“…These may reflect regions of high recombination. A lack of markers in these regions was observed in other genetic maps of barley (Kleinhofs et al 1993;Qi et al 1998;Ramsay et al 2000). The consensus SSR map contains almost all types of SSR loci, however, dinucleotide and compound (mainly containing different dinucleotide SSRs) microsatellites (56 and 21%, respectively) occurred in higher proportion than the trinucleotide (16.5%) and other types of microsatellite.…”

“…The two DH populations Steptoe · Morex (St · M) and the Oregon Wolfe Barleys (OWBs), developed in North America, are reference mapping populations and subjects of extensive genotyping and phenotyping. The St · M population is the product of the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project (NABGMP) (Kleinhofs et al 1993) and the OWB population was developed by Costa et al (2001). The Igri · Franka DH population (I · F) was developed by Graner et al (1991).…”

“…In barley, the first molecular genetic maps comprised RFLP markers (Graner et al 1991;Kleinhofs et al 1993) and over time, PCR based molecular markers became the dominant marker type (see Varshney et al 2004). Among different types of molecular markers available for barley, microsatellite or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have proven to be the markers of choice for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding and genetic diversity studies.…”

Molecular-genetic maps for group 1 chromosomes of Triticeae species and their relation to chromosomes in rice and oat

“…Physical maps constructed using C-bands as genetic markers (Curtis and Lukaszewski 1991) and deletion stocks (Werner et al 1992;Kota et al 1993) have given important insights into the relationship between physical and genetic distances in wheat. RFLP linkage maps also exist for barley (Heun et al 1991;Kleinhofs et al 1993;Schondelmaier et al 1993;Graner et al 1994), rice (Causse et al 1994), oat (O'Donoughue et al 1992; L.S. O'Donoughue, in preparation), and rye (Baum and Appels 1991;Devos et al 1993a;Philipp et al 1994).…”

Genetic mapping and annotation of genomic microsatellites isolated from globe artichoke

“…Increasing marker density and the addition of genes underlying phenotypic traits to a map require the creation of mapping populations from parents which segregate for the latter, but retain common sets of markers (Hayes et al 1996;Weeden et al 2000). Examples of such consensus maps have been reported for several crops (Ellis et al 1992;Kleinhofs et al 1993;Tanksley et al 1992). Markers in common across populations can serve as anchors to locate important genes to a particular LG, thereby allowing the location of genes underlying phenotype even in populations where these do not segregate.…”