A modelling and simulation study of soluble lead redox flow battery: Effect of presence of free convection on the battery characteristics

A novel energy management strategy for the ternary lithium batteries based on the dynamic equivalent circuit modeling and differential Kalman filtering under time-varying conditions

“…As can be known from the calculation process, the values of Ak, Bk, Ck, and Dk are obtained as shown in the equation (3).…”

“…However, there is no model that can fully simulate the dynamic behavior of the battery accurately under different operating conditions. The state of charge estimation of lithium batteries can make its management system run accurately and efficiently [2][3][4]. Approximate methods for predicting state of charge include chemical, open circuit voltage, electrochemical impedance, current integration, Kalman filtering and neural network [5], and each of them have their own advantages and disadvantages.…”

Development of a two-dimensional, moving mesh treatment for modelling the reaction chamber of the soluble lead flow battery as a function of state of charge for Pb and PbO2 deposition and dissolution

“…Several authors have numerically modelled the SLFB. Shah et al [12], Bates et al [13], Oury et al [14], and Nandanwar and Kumar [15][16][17], have performed two dimensional, numerical simulations that consider the flow conditions as well as the kinetics of electrode reactions and the mass transport of Pb 2+ , H + and a negative counter ion in an aqueous electrolyte. With the exception of Oury et al [14], who simulated the steady state of the system, all previous SLFB models have simulated the transient behaviour of the battery.…”

“…With the exception of Oury et al [14], who simulated the steady state of the system, all previous SLFB models have simulated the transient behaviour of the battery. Nandanwar and Kumar, [15][16][17], and Oury et al, [14], used the methanesulfonate ion, CH3SO3as a counter ion. Shah et al, [12] also employed the methanesulfonate ion; however, in their methodology, the sulphuric acid anion, HSO4is used.…”

“…the flow is only due to pumping and mixed convection where both free and forced convection are considered. They concluded that at higher current densities (> 30 mA cm -2 ) free convection becomes dominant and the system is able to run with a negligible applied flow rate [16].…”