A Model-Predictive Hypnosis Control System Under Total Intravenous Anesthesia

Abstract

In ambulatory surgery, anesthetic drugs must be administered at a suitable rate to prevent adverse reactions after discharge from the hospital. To realize more appropriate anesthesia, we have developed a hypnosis control system, which administers propofol as an anesthetic drug to regulate the bispectral index (BIS), an electroencephalography (EEG)-derived index reflecting the hypnosis of a patient. This system consists of three functions: 1) a feedback controller using a model-predictive control method, which can adequately accommodate the effects of time delays; 2) a parameter estimation function of individual differences; and 3) a risk control function for preventing undesirable states such as drug overinfusion or intraoperative arousal. With the approval of the ethics committee of our institute, 79 clinical trials took place since July 2002. The results show that our system can reduce the total amount of propofol infusion and maintain the BIS more accurately than anesthesiologist's manual adjustment.

Positive state observer for the automatic control of the depth of anesthesia—Clinical results

“…However, due to the high complexity of this procedure an automated system for drug administration would be a good support for the clinicians (see Meijler [6]). The development of controllers for the automatic administration of drugs in patients has deserved the attention of several researchers and led to a number of contributions and controllers namely a predictive control in Ionescu et al [7], an adaptive model-based controller in Mortier et al [8] and Simanski et al [9], a PID in Padula et al [10], a neural in Ortolani et al [11], a fuzzy logic in Shieh et al [12], a model predictive control in Sawaguchi et al [13] and Chang et al [14], but in these contributions the control of the DoA is not fully automatic. More concretely, the administration of the hypnotic is made automatically, but the administration of the analgesic is manually made by a clinician.…”

Comparison of Pharmacokinetic Models for Hypnosis Control Based on Effect-Site Propofol Concentration to Maintain Appropriate Hypnosis

“…The volume V 4 of effect-site compartment is assumed to be one hundredth of the volume V 1 of central compartment [6]. Although many sets of parameters have been proposed [6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], the best parameter set is still open for discussion. In this study, sixteen model parameter sets given in Table 1 are considered.…”

Automation of anaesthesia: a review on multivariable control

“…These individualized parameters may help to improve the model's prediction capability and promote optimal control in drug administration [86]. Several individualized controllers [30,86,87,101] have been proposed in the literature.…”