A model of ice throw trajectories from wind turbines

Biswas, Sumita; Taylor, Peter; Salmon, James R.

doi:10.1002/we.519

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The effect from chord length on icing of wind turbine blades has been evaluated . Ice throw from the wind turbine has been modeled to evaluate the public safety under icing condition and leads to several achievements such as a method to estimate the aerodynamic degradation and ice mass distribution along the blade as well as design guidance .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind turbine aerodynamic response under atmospheric icing conditions

2012

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This article deals with the atmospheric ice accumulation on wind turbine blades and its effect on the aerodynamic performance and structural response. The role of eight atmospheric and system parameters on the ice accretion profiles was estimated using the 2D ice accumulation software LEWICE Twenty-four hours of icing, with time varying wind speed and atmospheric icing conditions, was simulated on a rotor. Computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT, was used to estimate the aerodynamic coefficients of the blade after icing. The results were also validated against wind tunnel measurements performed at LM Wind Power using a NACA64618 airfoil. The effects of changes in geometry and surface roughness are considered in the simulation. A blade element momentum code WT-Perf is then used to quantify the degradation in performance curves. The dynamic responses of the wind turbine under normal and iced conditions were simulated with the wind turbine aeroelastic code HAWC2. The results show different behaviors below and above rated wind speeds. In below rated wind speed, for a 5 MW virtual NREL wind turbine, power loss up to 35% is observed, and the rated power is shifted from wind speed of 11 to 19 m s À1 . However, the thrust of the iced rotor in below rated wind speed is smaller than the clean rotor up to 14%, but after rated wind speed, it is up to 40% bigger than the clean rotor. Finally, it is briefly indicated how the results of this paper can be used for condition monitoring and ice detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind turbine aerodynamic response under atmospheric icing conditions

2012

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“…For ice‐throw analysis, it turns out that the drag to mass ratio plays an important role for the magnitude of the throw distance. As a result, a few cases with different C d A / m ratios (as discussed by Biswas et al ) with both standstill and running turbine conditions are simulated. The analyses are performed for different wind turbine sizes.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seifert et al measured ice‐throw accidents together with a simple aerodynamic model and performed risk analysis of the ice fragments thrown from the blades . Recently, a model of ice throw for a wind turbine in operation was presented by Biswas et al , in which calculations were carried out for ice pieces by neglecting lift and using a fixed drag coefficient of C d =1.0. It was also estimated that including the highest possible, lift increases the throw distance by approximately a factor of two.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of throw distances of detached objects from horizontal-axis wind turbines

Sarlak

Sørensen

2015

Wind Energ.

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This paper aims at predicting trajectories of the detached fragments from wind turbines, in order to better quantify consequences of wind turbine failures. The trajectories of thrown objects are attained using the solution to equations of motion and rotation, with the external loads and moments obtained using blade element approach. We have extended an earlier work by taking into account dynamic stall and wind variations due to shear, and investigated different scenarios of throw including throw of the entire or a part of blade, as well as throw of accumulated ice on the blade. Trajectories are simulated for modern wind turbines ranging in size from 2 to 20 MW using upscaling laws. Extensive parametric analyses are performed against initial release angle, tip speed ratio, detachment geometry, and blade pitch setting. It is found that, while at tip speeds of about 70 m/s (normal operating conditions), pieces of blade (with weights in the range of approximately 7-16 ton) would be thrown out less than 700 m for the entire range of wind turbines, and turbines operating at the extreme tip speed of 150 m/s may be subject to blade throw of up to 2 km from the turbine. For the ice throw cases, maximum distances of approximately 100 and 600 m are obtained for standstill and normal operating conditions of the wind turbine, respectively, with the ice pieces weighting from 0.4 to 6.5 kg. The simulations can be useful for revision of wind turbine setback standards, especially when combined with risk assessment studies.

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“…In the recent work of Biswas et al [8], besides a thorough sensitivity study of the ice trajectories carried out with the traditional method, the influence of lift force is assessed as well. For this purpose the trajectories of plate-like objects, assumed to have angle of attacks for high lift, were tracked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling of the Ice Throw from Wind Turbines

Szász

Leroyer

Revstedt

2019

IJTPP

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Ice throw is a significant risk factor in the vicinity of wind turbines located in cold climate areas. We present a method to estimate the ice chunk trajectories. First, similar to the common practice, only translation is accounted for and the object trajectory is determined by gravity and the aerodynamic drag force. The sensitivity of the trajectories to the launch positions, wind speed, turbine rotation and aerodynamic drag is assessed. Next, trajectory computations with six-degree-of-freedom motion are presented. The required aerodynamic forces and moments are precomputed using CFD. The results indicate that object rotation might be non-negligible when higher accuracy is needed for the trajectory estimates.

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A model of ice throw trajectories from wind turbines

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Wind turbine aerodynamic response under atmospheric icing conditions

Wind turbine aerodynamic response under atmospheric icing conditions

Analysis of throw distances of detached objects from horizontal-axis wind turbines

Numerical Modelling of the Ice Throw from Wind Turbines

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