A miniature confocal optical scanning microscope for endoscopes

Murakami, Kenkichi

doi:10.1117/12.597342

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…18 In addition to spectroscopic approaches, in vivo optical imaging systems, such as confocal fluorescence endomicroscopy (CFM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), have received considerable attention for GI applications, aiming to provide real-time histology of tissues. CFM probes, based on either a single scanning fiber [19][20][21] or a fiber bundle, [22][23][24] have both been implemented for high-resolution imaging in the GI tract and are commercially available today. As an another approach with greater depth range but less lateral resolution, a number of OCT systems are able to inspect large tissue volumes in vivo and demonstrate diagnostic potential as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and validation of an angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry fiber probe for in vivo clinical measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology

et al. 2011

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Abstract. We present a novel Fourier-domain angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a /LCI) fiber probe designed for in vivo clinical application in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The a/LCI technique measures the depthresolved angular scattering distribution to determine the size distribution and optical density of cell nuclei for assessing the health of epithelial tissues. Clinical application is enabled by an endoscopic fiber-optic probe that employs a 2.3-m-long coherent fiber bundle and is compatible with the standard 2.8-mm-diam biopsy channel of a gastroscope. The probe allows for real-time data acquisition by collecting the scattering from multiple angles in parallel, enabled by the Fourier domain approach. The performance of the probe is characterized through measurement of critical parameters. The depth-resolved sizing capability of the system is demonstrated using single-and double-layer microsphere phantoms with subwavelength sizing precision and accuracy achieved. Initial results from a clinical feasibility test are also presented to show in vivo application in the human esophagus. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and validation of an angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry fiber probe for in vivo clinical measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology

et al. 2011

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“…Murakami at Olympus Optical Co. developed a prototype 3.3-mm diameter confocal endomicroscope to pass through a working channel of an endoscope using a single MEMS electrostatic gimbal scanning mirror and an aspherical objective lens. 84, 85 Other two-axis scanning mirror designs used in confocal endomicroscopy include an electrostatically driven torsional silicon micro-mirror with electroplated nickel hinges and frame, 40 a gimbaled scanner using electrostatic combdrive actuators, 64, 79, 109 and a thermally actuated non-resonant scanner fabricated using silicon-on-insulator multi-user MEMS processes (SOIMUMPS). 98 In addition to micromirrors, other microdevices to mechanically scan the fiber, such as unimorph cantilevers, have also been used for scanning.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal Endomicroscopy: Instrumentation and Medical Applications

et al. 2011

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Advances in fiber optic technology and miniaturized optics and mechanics have propelled confocal endomicroscopy into the clinical realm. This high resolution, non-invasive imaging technology provides the ability to microscopically evaluate cellular and sub-cellular features in tissue in vivo by optical sectioning. Because many cancers originate in epithelial tissues accessible by endoscopes, confocal endomicroscopy has been explored to detect regions of possible neoplasia at an earlier stage by imaging morphological features in vivo that are significant in histopathologic evaluation. This technique allows real-time assessment of tissue which may improve diagnostic yield by guiding biopsy. Research and development continues to reduce the overall size of the imaging probe, increase the image acquisition speed, and improve resolution and field of view of confocal endomicroscopes. Technical advances will continue to enable application to less accessible organs and more complex systems in the body. Lateral and axial resolutions down to 0.5 μm and 3 μm, respectively, field of view as large as 800×450 μm, and objective lens and total probe outer diameters down to 350 μm and 1.25 mm, respectively, have been achieved. We provide a review of the historical developments of confocal imaging in vivo, the evolution of endomicroscope instrumentation, and the medical applications of confocal endomicroscopy.

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“…Microsystem technology can further enhance the functionality of next generation endoscopes. Examples are a diagnostic endo laser scanner with optical components realized using lithographic methods and microscanning mirrors to avoid the spectral limitations of conventional image guides [242], a miniature endoscopic confocal optical scanning microscope with a scanning head including an electrostatic 2D MEMS scanner [243] and an optical coherence tomography endoscope based on a microelectromechanical mirror [244].…”

Section: Microoptoelectromechanical Systems (Moems)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsystem technologies for implantable applications

Receveur

Lindemans

Rooij

2007

J. Micromech. Microeng.

112

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Microsystem technologies (MST) have become the basis of a large industry. The advantages of MST compared to other technologies provide opportunities for application in implantable biomedical devices. This paper presents a general and broad literature review of MST for implantable applications focused on the technical domain. A classification scheme is introduced to order the examples, basic technological building blocks relevant for implantable applications are described and finally a case study on the role of microsystems for one clinical condition is presented. We observe that the microfabricated parts span a wide range for implantable applications in various clinical areas. There are 94 active and 67 commercial 'end items' out of a total of 142. End item refers to the total concept, of which the microsystem may only be a part. From the 105 active end items 18 (13% of total number of end items) are classified as products. From these 18 products, there are only two for chronic use. The number of active end items in clinical, animal and proto phase for chronic use is 17, 13 and 20, respectively. The average year of first publication of chronic end items that are still in the animal or clinical phase is 1994 (n = 7) and 1993 (n = 11), respectively. The major technology-market combinations are sensors for cardiovascular, drug delivery for drug delivery and electrodes for neurology and ophthalmology. Together these form 51% of all end items. Pressure sensors form the majority of sensors and there is just one product (considered to be an implantable microsystem) in the neurological area. Micro-machined ceramic packages, glass sealed packages and polymer encapsulations are used. Glass to metal seals are used for feedthroughs. Interconnection techniques such as flip chip, wirebonding or conductive epoxy as used in the semiconductor packaging and assembly industry are also used for manufacturing of implantable devices. Coatings are polymers or metal. As an alternative to implantable primary batteries, rechargeable batteries were introduced or concepts in which energy is provided from the outside based on inductive coupling. Long-term developments aiming at autonomous power are, for example, based on electrostatic conversion of mechanical vibrations. Communication with the implantable device is usually done using an inductive link. A large range of materials commonly used in microfabrication are also used for implantable microsystems.

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A miniature confocal optical scanning microscope for endoscopes

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Design and validation of an angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry fiber probe for in vivo clinical measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology

Design and validation of an angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry fiber probe for in vivo clinical measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology

Confocal Endomicroscopy: Instrumentation and Medical Applications

Microsystem technologies for implantable applications

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