A Mineral and Antioxidant-Rich Extract from the Red Marine Algae Alsidium corallinum Exhibits Cytoprotective Effects Against Potassium Bromate-Induced Erythrocyte Oxidative Damages in Mice

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate potassium bromate toxicity in mice and the corrective effects of marine algae Alsidium corallinum. The red algae demonstrated its rich composition in phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, tropolones, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc. To confirm its antioxidant potential, an in vivo study was performed on adult mice. The animals were divided into four groups: group I were used as controls, group II received potassium bromate (0.5 g/L) via drinking water, group III received potassium bromate (0.5 g/L) by the same route as group II and 7% of A. corallinum ethanolic extract via their diet, and group IV received only 7% of algae. The potassium bromate-treated group showed a significant decrease in erythrocyte, platelet, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values and a significant increase in total white blood cells, compared to those of controls. While, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and vitamin C values were decreased by potassium bromate treatment, lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde) and erythrocyte osmotic fragility values were increased. Interestingly, potassium bromate treatment showed significant genotoxic effects, as demonstrated by DNA degradation. These changes were confirmed by blood smears histopathological observations which were marked by a necrosis and a decrease of erythrocytes number. A. corallinum extract appeared to be effective against hematotoxic and genotoxic changes induced by potassium bromate, as evidenced by the improvement of the parameters cited above.

Flavonoid compounds from the red marine alga Alsidium corallinum protect against potassium bromate‐induced nephrotoxicity in adult mice

“…The effects of KBrO 3 treatment are likely due to increased lipid peroxidation and the generation of its reactive metabolites, including ROS. Therefore, the amelioration induced upon A. corallinum supplementation could be due to its large antioxidant phenolic content (Ben Saad et al, ). Thus, treatment with A. corallinum restored normal glomerular filtration and renal function, and normalized these markers.…”

“…In this study, we investigated the alga Alsidium corallinum , a Rhodophyta of the order Ceramiales with a wide distribution along all Mediterranean coasts, as well as the Atlantic islands of Madeira and the Canaries (Guiry and Guiry, ). Recently, we found that an ethanolic extract of A. corallinum exhibits high levels in secondary compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, chlorophyll, carotenoids, alkaloids, triterpenes, and tropolones, conferring a strong antioxidant activity to that extract (Ben Saad et al, ). Moreover, the alga is rich in minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc) (Ben Saad et al, ) and its ethanolic extract showed strong inhibition of bacterial growth.…”

General Rehabilitation Program after Knee or Hip Replacement Significantly Influences Erythrocytes Oxidative Stress Markers and Serum ST2 Levels

“…Erythrocytes are one of the many cell types in which a redox imbalance can occur. Fatty acids in the membranes, elevated oxygen levels, and the presence of hemoglobin inside make erythrocytes a natural target for free radicals [ 7 ]. The oxidative processes in the erythrocytes entail membrane injury, modifications of the membrane's structural and functional elements, and changes in the membrane architecture.…”

“…The oxidative processes in the erythrocytes entail membrane injury, modifications of the membrane's structural and functional elements, and changes in the membrane architecture. All these processes cause an increase in erythrocytes' mean osmotic fragility and inhibition of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ATPase activity [ 7 ]. The survival of erythrocytes in the circulating blood plasma depends on the structural and functional integrity of their membranes, which determines the mechanical behavior of cells.…”

“…The survival of erythrocytes in the circulating blood plasma depends on the structural and functional integrity of their membranes, which determines the mechanical behavior of cells. Erythrocytes express several physiological defenses against intracellular oxidative stress, including cellular antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) [ 7 , 8 ]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and especially hydroxyl radical, are toxic for cells.…”