Flavonoid compounds from the red marine alga Alsidium corallinum protect against potassium bromate‐induced nephrotoxicity in adult mice

Abstract

Potassium bromate (KBrO ), an environmental pollutant, is a well-known human carcinogen and a potent nephrotoxic agent. Currently, natural products have built a well-recognized role in the management of many diseases induced by pollutants. As potent natural sources of bioactive compounds, marine algae have been demonstrated to be rich in novel secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological functions. In this study, adults male mice were orally treated for 15 days with KBrO (0.5 g/L) associated or not with extract of Alsidium corallinum, a red Mediterranean alga. In vitro study demonstrated that algal extract has antioxidant efficacy attributable to the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols. Among these, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed A. corallinum is rich in kaempferol, apigenin, catechin, and quercetin flavonoids. In vivo study showed that supplementation with the alga significantly prevented KBrO -induced nephrotoxicity as indicated by plasma biomarkers (urea, uric acid, and creatinin levels) and oxidative stress related parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C, hydrogen peroxide, protein oxidation products) in kidney tissue. The corrective effect of A. corallinum on KBrO -induced kidney injury was also supported by molecular and histopathological observations. In conclusion, it was established that the red alga, thanks to its bioactive compounds, effectively counteracts toxic effects of KBrO and could be a useful coadjuvant agent for treatment of this pollutant poisonings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1475-1486, 2017.

Cardiotoxicity and myocardial infarction‐associated DNA damage induced by thiamethoxam in vitro and in vivo: Protective role of Trigonella foenum‐graecum seed‐derived polysaccharide

“…In the present study, our results showed that TMX treatment resulted in a significant DNA reduction as well as massive DNA fragmentations with a subsequent formation of a DNA smear on agarose gel, thus confirming TMX‐induced necrosis and apoptosis as indicated by histological observations. Following pesticide toxicity, excessive ROS formation might induce changes or losses of nucleotide bases in the DNA, therefore causing mutagenic lesions . It can be assumed that TMX or its main metabolite(s) might act by disrupting the balance between lesion inductions from radical processes and repair systems, giving ROS over production leading to DNA breakdown.…”

Seaweed Phenolics: From Extraction to Applications

“…The study of Saad et al [173] demonstrated a flavonoid-enriched extract from Alsidium corallinum containing flavonoids such as luteolin 5,7,3 ,4 tetramethyl ether, quercetin 3,7 dimethylether 4 sulfate, and catechin trimethyl ether, which can be useful tools against the kidney dysfunction provoked by potassium bromate; this assay was done in mice.…”

The Evolution of Flavonoid Biosynthesis: A Bryophyte Perspective

“…Indeed, many metabolite studies on algae report only amounts of "total flavonoids" measured using general assays. Nevertheless, there are some reports detailing specific flavonoid structures in algal preparations, including compounds such as chalcones, flavones, flavonols, isoflavonoids, and proanthocyanidins (Klejdus et al, 2010;Goiris et al, 2014;El Shoubaky et al, 2016;Agregán et al, 2017;Ben Saad et al, 2017). Although the concentrations of flavonoid compounds reported in most examples are extremely low compared with those commonly found in land plants (ng gDW −1 amounts compared with mg gDW −1 ), these reports mean that the presence of a biosynthetic pathway to flavonoids in algae cannot be ruled out.…”