A metric for health effects studies of diesel exhaust particles

Giechaskiel, Barouch; Alföldy, Bálint; Drossinos, Yannis

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.04.008

Cited by 115 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The relationship between the surface area of the manufactured nanomaterials and their toxicity has been well presented recently. Similarly, surface area of ambient aerosols can be considered as an index of toxicity because increased surface area may be able to act as a catalyst for specific reactions between parti cle and cells, and also act as a carrier for copollutants such as gases and chemicals (Giechaskiel et al, 2009;Oberdörster, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line Measurement of the Surface Area Concentration of Aerosols in Yokohama, Japan, using the Diffusion Charging Method

Hatoya¹,

Okuda²,

Funato³

et al. 2016

ajae

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Numerous researchers have proposed that surface area is a more appropriate indicator than mass for evaluating pulmonary inflammatory responses caused by exposure to fine and ultrafine particles. In this study, measurements of surface area concentrations of aerosols were conducted in Yokohama, Japan, using the diffusion charging method. PM 2.5 mass concentration and black carbon concentration in PM 2.5 were also measured. The 24-hour continuous measurement campaigns were conducted 39 times from March to November, 2014. The surface area concentration was more closely correlated with the black carbon concentration than with the PM 2.5 mass concentration. It is considered that the abundance of black carbon particles significantly affects the surface area concentration of PM 2.5 . The strength of the correlation between the surface area and black carbon concentrations varied considerably among the measurement campaigns. A relatively weaker afternoon correlation was observed compared with the other time zones (morning, evening, and night). We consider that these phenomena are due to the transportation/formation of the particles other than black carbon that affects surface area concentration and/or the variation of the surface condition of the black carbon particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line Measurement of the Surface Area Concentration of Aerosols in Yokohama, Japan, using the Diffusion Charging Method

Hatoya¹,

Okuda²,

Funato³

et al. 2016

ajae

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“…Aerosols are used to produce high technology materials such as ceramic powders, superconducting materials, and optical fibers. By contrast, studies on combustiongenerated aerosols, and more specifically soot, indicate that they may be responsible for adverse health effects (Giechaskiel et al 2009) and climate change (Kaufman and Koren 2006). Irrespective of whether aerosol particles may be considered "desirable" or "undesirable," the study of their morphological and dynamic properties is of crucial importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Coefficient and Mobility Radius of Fractal-Like Aggregates in the Transition Regime

Melas

Isella

Konstandopoulos

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The influence of geometric properties and particle size on mobility properties of fractal-like aggregates was studied in the mass and momentum-transfer transition regimes. Two methodologies were investigated. The Collision Rate Method (CRM) that determines the slip correction factor through the ratio of two fictitious Brownian particle-aggregate effective collision rates, and the Adjusted Sphere Method (ASM) that assumes the existence of a virtual, flowindependent adjusted sphere with the same slip correction factor as the aggregate over the entire transition regime. The simulated fractal-like aggregates were synthetic as they were generated via a cluster-cluster agglomeration algorithm. The CRM was used to calculate the adjusted-sphere radius of various aggregates: we found it to be weakly dependent on the monomer Knudsen number for Kn greater than 0.5. Numerical expressions for the aggregate orientationally-averaged projected area and the adjusted-sphere radius are proposed. Both expressions depend on geometric, nonensemble averaged quantities: the radius of gyration and the number of monomers. The slip correction factor and the mobility radius of DLCA and RLCA aggregates were calculated using the ASM: for a given number of monomers, fractal dimension and prefactor, and Knudsen number their values were approximately constant (averaged over aggregate realizations). A fractal-like scaling law based on the mobility radius was found to hold. The mobility fractal dimension and prefactor were determined for different aggregates. The hydrodynamic radius, proportional to the friction coefficient, © 2014 European Union Received 4 July 2014; accepted 8 October 2014. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provide the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.Address correspondence to Yannis Drossinos, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, VA I-21027, Italy. E-mail: ioannis. drossinos@jrc.ec.europa.eu Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/uast. and the dynamic shape factor of DLCA and RLCA aggregates were also calculated.

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“…Several studies have attempted to correlate the negative effects to particle mass concentration, PM 10 or PM 2.5 (Loomis, 2000;Pope, 2000;Pope and Dockery, 2006), particle number concentration (ultrafine particles, UFPs, having a diameter less than 100 nm) (Hauser et al, 2001) as well as surface area concentration (Giechaskiel et al, 2009). As regards the health outcomes due to coarse particles (PM 10-2.5 ), epidemiological research has not found conclusive results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Buonanno

Fuoco

Marini

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The aim of this work was to quantify the exposure of children to particle resuspension in school gyms. In fact, although moderate standard aerobic activity is suggested for good health, adverse health effects could affect people exercising in micro-environments with ambient pollution. Overall, 12 micro-environments were chosen and analyzed in a 3-month experimental campaign. The different fractions of particulate matter (PM) were measured by means of photometers, calibrated for the specific aerosols studied through gravimetric samplers, whereas particle number distributions in the 0.5-20 μm range were continuously measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) spectrometer. High PM concentration levels were measured in school gyms compared to outdoor values. The dominant source is the particle resuspension produced by the activity of exercising pupils and, among the various PM fractions, the effect on coarse particles (PM 10-2.5 ) was found to be the most important, with the related emissions factors measured in the range of 1.5-8.9 mg/min. During school activities, under natural ventilation conditions, the average coarse particle concentrations at the 12 school gyms investigated were found to be 4.8 ± 2.0 times higher than the background (outdoor) values. The key parameters are the number and intensity of the physical activities, which can be characterized by the total energy used by the students. Therefore, this study provides useful data on the exposure of students to airborne particles during periods of physical activity in gyms with natural ventilation.

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A metric for health effects studies of diesel exhaust particles

Cited by 115 publications

References 52 publications

On-line Measurement of the Surface Area Concentration of Aerosols in Yokohama, Japan, using the Diffusion Charging Method

On-line Measurement of the Surface Area Concentration of Aerosols in Yokohama, Japan, using the Diffusion Charging Method

Friction Coefficient and Mobility Radius of Fractal-Like Aggregates in the Transition Regime

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

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