A method employing SPE, MRM LC-MS/MS and a THF–water solvent system for the simultaneous determination of five antiretroviral drugs in human blood plasma

Mwando, Elliott; Massele, Amos; Sepako, Enoch; Sichilongo, Kwenga

doi:10.1039/c6ay02442d

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The literature is lacking in studies involving the use of MIP for extraction of ARVs from human plasma. A typical comparison with other methods reported in the literature using SPE for the determination of 3TC, AZT and EFZ in different matrices is presented in Supporting Information Table 3 , which confirm that LOQ value is appropriate and comparable with other research works. The low LOQs are mainly attributed to the use of highly sensitive, complex and expensive detector, i.e.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Our method using PT−HM−MIP−SPE no requires SPE accessories and vacuum manifold, employs MIP with simple and cheap synthesis, low amount of adsorbent material (20 mg MIP) and sample (500 μL plasma). Despite, there are some methods that employ MISPE for AZT and stavudine , 3TC and EFZ , one should note that none of previous publications enables simultaneous determination of 3TC, AZT and EFZ by HPLC and employ PT‐HM‐MIP‐SPE as sample preparation of human plasma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature is lacking in studies involving the use of MIP for extraction of ARVs from human plasma. A typical comparison with other methods reported in the literature using SPE for the determination of 3TC, AZT and EFZ in different matrices is presented in Supporting Information [46], 3TC [47] and EFZ [50], one should note that none of previous publications enables simultaneous determination of 3TC, AZT and EFZ by HPLC and employ PT-HM-MIP-SPE as sample preparation of human plasma.…”

Section: Comparison With Previously Reported Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hollow mesoporous structured molecularly imprinted polymer as adsorbent in pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction for the determination of antiretrovirals from plasma of HIV‐infected patients

et al. 2018

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In this work a hollow mesoporous structured molecularly imprinted polymer was synthetized and used as adsorbent in pipette-tip solid-phase extraction for the determination of lamivudine (3TC), zidovudine (AZT) and efavirenz (EFZ) from plasma of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All parameters that influence the recovery of the pipette tip based on hollow mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (PT-HM-MIP-SPE) method were systematically studied and discussed in detail. The adsorbent material was prepared using methacrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine as functional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker, acetonitrile as solvent, 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) as radical initiator, benzalkonium chloride as surfactant, 3TC, and AZT as templates. The simultaneous separation of 3TC, AZT and EFZ by HPLC-UV was performed using a Gemini C18 Phenomenex® column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water pH 3.2 (68:32, v/v), flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and λ = 260 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range from 0.25 to 10 μg/mL for 3TC and EFZ, and 0.05 to 2.0 μg mL for AZT, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.99 for all analytes. Recovery ± relative standard deviations (RSDs %) were 41.99 ± 2.38%, 82.29 ± 1.63%, and 83.72 ± 7.52% for 3TC, AZT, and EFZ, respectively. The RSDs and relative errors (REs) were lower than 15% for intra and interday assays. The method has been successfully applied for monitoring HIV-infected patients outside the therapeutic dosage.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature is lacking in studies involving the use of MIP for extraction of ARVs from human plasma. A typical comparison with other methods reported in the literature using SPE for the determination of 3TC, AZT and EFZ in different matrices is presented in Supporting Information [46], 3TC [47] and EFZ [50], one should note that none of previous publications enables simultaneous determination of 3TC, AZT and EFZ by HPLC and employ PT-HM-MIP-SPE as sample preparation of human plasma.…”

Section: Comparison With Previously Reported Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hollow mesoporous structured molecularly imprinted polymer as adsorbent in pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction for the determination of antiretrovirals from plasma of HIV‐infected patients

et al. 2018

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“…In the past, most of the methods developed had focused on the detection and quantitation of ARVs in biological samples [5,6]; just a handful had concentrated on methods for the oral dosage formulations [7][8][9]. In as much as these methods have provided useful tools to assess the qualities of some ARVs, it is necessary that very efficient alternative methods with the target scope of ARVs in the HAART programme be developed to achieve similar quality control outputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple RP-HPLC Method to Simultaneously Assay the Contents of Lamivudine, Tenofovir, and Nevirapine in Fixed Dose Combined Oral Antiviral Medicines

Goku

Orman

Quartey

et al. 2020

Journal of Chemistry

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An accurate and rapid reverse HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of lamivudine, nevirapine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Suitable separation was achieved on Phenomenex Synergi C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 4 μm) using mobile phase, methanol (50%): ammonium acetate buffer (adjusted to pH 2.80) (40%): acetonitrile (10%) in an isocratic mode. The drugs were detected at 270 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and the retention times were found to be 3.26, 5.42, and 7.55 minutes for lamivudine, nevirapine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, respectively. The developed method was validated per ICH guidelines. Good linearity was obtained within the concentration ranges of 10–59 µg/ml, 7–42 µg/ml, and 15–90 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of not less than 0.990. The % RSD values for precision (intraday and interday) and accuracy studies were found to be less than 2%. The results obtained from quantitative analysis conform to USP content requirements for marketed tablet dosage forms, RICOVIR-LN, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine tablets. The method is therefore useful for routine quality control of antiretroviral tablet dosage forms containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and nevirapine.

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“…For example, Pai and coworkers have reported HPLC technique for the determination of EMT from Rat plasma . Moreover, by using LC‐MS/MS determination of EMT, tenofovir, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir concentration and THF/water solvent system in HIV infected plasma was also studied . The stability of EMT, Tenofovir, Cobicistat and Elvitegravir from their degradation product studied by UPLC analytical method by Rao and coworkers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Studies of Anti‐HIV Drug Emtricitabine: Oxidative Determination and Improved Antimicrobial Activity

et al. 2018

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In this work, an electroanalytical method adopted for determination of Emtricitabine (EMT) using cyclic and linear sweep voltametry (CV and LSV) on gold (Au dia. 3 mm) disc electrode in 0.5 M KOH as a supporting electrolyte is developed. It is found that the oxidation process is irreversible over a wider pH range and exhibited linear diffusion‐controlled behaviour. EMT exhibits a signal at 0.51 V vs SCE corresponding to oxidation of EMT in 0.5 M KOH on the Au disc electrode. Furthermore, CV and LSV were used to determine electroanalytical parameters like the limit of detection of 0.7069 (LOD), limit of quantification 2.35 (LOQ), sensitivity 0.60 μA mM−1 cm−2, the effect of accumulation, change in pH, sweep rate and effect of concentration (0.001–100 mM) on the stability (less than 5 % potential and current) of the signal. Further stability studies were carried out by monitoring the response on adding some other common biologically active excipients. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of pristine EMT and its oxidative product shows significant enhancement after oxidative conversion. This work may thus open the door for the design of electrochemical methods for the electrochemical detection followed by determination of various electroanalytical parameters of drug molecules along with their electrochemical conversion to more active forms with comparatively enhanced biological activity. The presented results are reflecting the significant environmental and clinical importance of the presented approach.

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A method employing SPE, MRM LC-MS/MS and a THF–water solvent system for the simultaneous determination of five antiretroviral drugs in human blood plasma

Abstract: A multiple reaction monitoring liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of five antiretroviral drugs in human blood plasma.

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Hollow mesoporous structured molecularly imprinted polymer as adsorbent in pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction for the determination of antiretrovirals from plasma of HIV‐infected patients

Hollow mesoporous structured molecularly imprinted polymer as adsorbent in pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction for the determination of antiretrovirals from plasma of HIV‐infected patients

A Simple RP-HPLC Method to Simultaneously Assay the Contents of Lamivudine, Tenofovir, and Nevirapine in Fixed Dose Combined Oral Antiviral Medicines

Electrochemical Studies of Anti‐HIV Drug Emtricitabine: Oxidative Determination and Improved Antimicrobial Activity

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