A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Birth Weight and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Momany, Allison M.; Kamradt, Jaclyn M.; Nikolas, Molly A.

doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0371-9

Cited by 65 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…A recent body of research suggests that lower BW is associated with a variety of diseases of adulthood, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and other metabolic disorders (Godfrey & Barker, ). Additionally, low BW has been associated with potential risk for depression and anxiety in adulthood (Van Lieshout et al, ), increased fracture risk (Balasuriya et al, ), and neurodevelopmental difficulties including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (Momany, Kamradt, & Nikolas, ), among other health‐related conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of maternal height on offspring's birth weight in Merida, Mexico

Azcorra

Méndez-Domínguez

2018

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: To analyze the influence of maternal height (MH) on offspring's birth weight (BW) in infants born from January 2016 to May 2017, in Merida, Mexico. Methods: A total of 3462 singletons born at term in a public hospital were analyzed. Data extracted from hospital records were MH; number of previous births; and infant's sex, BW, and gestational length. MH was divided into 4 categories at quartile points: Q1:129-147, Q2:148-151, Q3:152-155, and Q4:156-180 cm. BW data were transformed to z-score values using the WHO Child Growth Standard. The association between MH and infants' BW was analyzed through a multiple regression model in which gestational length, infant's sex, maternal age, ethnicity, and number of previous birth were included as covariates. Results: Mean values of MH and infants' BW were 151.43 cm (SD = 6.32) and 3172 g (SD = 401) (corresponding to −0.29 SD in BW z-score), respectively. The regression model showed that the shortest quartile of MH was associated with −0.43 (95% CI −0.35 −0.51) SD in infants' BW compared with the highest quartile. The second and third shortest quartiles of MH were associated with −0.24 (95% CI −0.16 −0.32) and −0.17 (95% CI −0.09 −0.25) SD of infants BW, respectively. Conclusions: MH remains an important factor for infant BW even in the presence of other determinants. The influence of MH on infants' BW in this population is similar to that found in other populations in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. K E Y W O R D Sbirth weight, maternal short height, Mexico, poverty, Yucatan

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of maternal height on offspring's birth weight in Merida, Mexico

Azcorra

Méndez-Domínguez

2018

American J Hum Biol

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“…Our findings add to the literature in that we used a large population‐based sample of twins, with consistent findings across multiple ADHD scales and multiple informants. In addition, we found that the effect of birth weight was not moderated by gender, gestational age and low birth weight, which confirms findings from a recent meta‐analysis (Momany et al., 2018). The small MZ estimates found in this study are the rule rather than exception in MZ differences analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Momany et al. (2018) reported a small overall correlation between birth weight and ADHD symptoms ( r = −.15), with a correlation of r = −.09 when considering population‐based studies only. This may reflect that the environmental architecture underlying ADHD is just as complex as their genetic architecture, which involves small effects of many genetic variants (Demontis et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…confounders hide the true effect of birth weight as a risk factor for ADHD symptoms. Interestingly, the aforementioned meta‐analysis also reported a slightly larger effect size ( r = −.18) in covariate‐adjusted analyses compared to unadjusted analyses ( r = −.15, Momany et al., 2018). As the twin differences design accounts for unobserved confounders, the level of adjustment is more stringent than in classical epidemiological designs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, a recent meta‐analysis systematically investigated moderators of the association between birth weight and ADHD (Momany, Kamradt, & Nikolas, 2018), which were not examined in previous twin differences studies. In the current study, we tested whether the size of this association differed according to gender, gestational age, and whether it differed for low birth weight (<2,500 g) versus normal birth weight participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of birth weight on the causal pathway to child and adolescent ADHD symptomatology: a population‐based twin differences longitudinal design

Lim

Liu

Schoeler

et al. 2018

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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BackgroundAvailable evidence points towards lower birth weight as a risk factor for the development of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We probed the causal nature of this putative effect of birth weight on ADHD symptoms using the twin differences design, which accounts for genetic and shared environmental confounds.MethodIn a large population‐based twin sample – 3,499 monozygotic (MZ) and 6,698 dizygotic (DZ) pairs – parents, teachers or twins rated the twins’ ADHD symptoms at nine assessment waves (2–16 years). We implemented the twin differences design, which completely accounts for shared environmental and genetic confounding in MZ twins. We tested whether: (a) the lighter‐born twins had elevated ADHD symptoms compared to the heavier‐born twins, by regressing within‐pair differences of ADHD symptoms on within‐pair differences of birth weight among MZ twins; (b) the effect of birth weight on ADHD was moderated by gender, gestational age and low birth weight; (c) this effect changed with age at ADHD assessment using adapted latent growth curve models; and (d) results differed for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.ResultsBirth weight significantly predicted ADHD symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence. The lighter‐born twin had more ADHD symptoms than the heavier‐born cotwin among MZ twins across assessment waves and raters. No moderation effect was detected. The magnitude of the effect of birth weight decreased significantly across time for hyperactivity/impulsivity, but the decrease failed to reach significance for inattention. Estimates for inattention were significantly larger than for hyperactivity/impulsivity at each time point, implying stronger effect of birth weight on inattention symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings provide stringent evidence for environmental effect of lower birth weight on the causal pathway to elevated ADHD symptoms. Effect of birth weight persists across a 14‐year period from childhood into late adolescence, in particular for inattention symptoms.

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Association Between Greenness Surrounding Schools and Kindergartens and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children in China

et al. 2019

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IMPORTANCE Few studies have investigated the association between greenness and childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between greenness surrounding schools or kindergartens and symptoms of ADHD in children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cross-sectional study was performed between April 2012 and January 2013 in 7 cities in northeastern China. This analysis included 59 754 children (aged 2-17 years) from 94 schools and kindergartens, who had resided in the study area for 2 years or longer. Data were analyzed from April 15, 2019, to October 10, 2019. EXPOSURES Greenness surrounding each child's school or kindergarten was estimated using 2 satellite image-derived vegetation indexes: the normalized difference vegetation index and the soiladjusted vegetation index. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) scales were used to measure ADHD symptoms (9 inattention symptoms and 9 hyperactivityimpulsivity symptoms). Parents or guardians rated the frequency of each of 18 ADHD symptoms during the preceding 6 months. Children with 6 or more symptoms of either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity were defined as having ADHD symptoms. Generalized linear mixed models were applied to estimate the association between greenness and ADHD symptoms. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 59 754 study participants was 10.3 (3.6) years, and 29 494 (49.4%) were girls. A total of 2566 participants (4.3%) had ADHD symptoms. Greenness levels differed substantially across schools and kindergartens. The normalized difference vegetation index within 500 m of a school or kindergarten ranged from −0.09 to 0.77. Greater greenness levels were associated with lower odds of ADHD symptoms. In covariate-adjusted models, a 0.1-unit increase in normalized difference vegetation index or soil-adjusted vegetation index within 500 m of a school or kindergarten was significantly associated with lower odds of ADHD symptoms (odds ratios, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.83-0.91] and 0.80 [95% CI, 0.74-0.86], respectively; P < .001 for both). The associations were robust in a series of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that there may be a beneficial association between school-based greenness and ADHD symptoms in Chinese children. Future longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to confirm the findings of this cross-sectional analysis and further explore potential mechanisms of this association.

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A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Birth Weight and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 65 publications

References 170 publications

The influence of maternal height on offspring's birth weight in Merida, Mexico

The influence of maternal height on offspring's birth weight in Merida, Mexico

The role of birth weight on the causal pathway to child and adolescent ADHD symptomatology: a population‐based twin differences longitudinal design

Association Between Greenness Surrounding Schools and Kindergartens and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children in China

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