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Key Points Question Which cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with ambient air pollution in China? Findings In this population-based cross-sectional study including 15 477 Chinese adults, the strongest associations for exposure to air pollution were detected for individuals with hyperbetalipoproteinemia and the weakest associations for those with overweight or obesity. The metabolic risk factors may have exacerbated the associations of air pollutants with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Meaning These findings may help researchers, physicians, and policy makers evaluate the hazardous effects of air pollutants more completely and design targeted strategies for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Long-term ambient air pollution was associated with both altered lipid profiles and dyslipidemias, especially among overweight or obese participants.

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