A meta‐analysis of change in marital and employment status as predictors of alcohol consumption on a typical occasion *

ABSTRACT. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether the effect of parenthood on alcohol intake varies according to the context in which the drinking act occurs. Method: The data were drawn from the Canadian Addiction Survey, a national telephone survey conducted in 2004. The analytical sample included 1,079 drinking occasions nested in 498 female drinkers and 926 drinking occasions nested in 403 male drinkers between 18 and 55 years of age. A multilevel linear statistical model was used to estimate the variance related to the drinking occasion (Level 1) and to the parental role (Level 2). Results: Parenthood was not associated with alcohol intake per occasion. Drinking context variables brought great explanatory power to the study of alcohol intake, but, overall, the effect of parenthood on alcohol intake did not vary according to the context in which drinking occurs. Only one interaction between the parental role and contextual characteristics was found. Conclusions: Men's and women's alcohol intake within drinking contexts is more likely to be infl uenced by the immediate context in which drinking occurs than by their parental role. The explanation for alcohol behaviors within the general Canadian population may lie as much in the situation as in the person. (J. Stud Alcohol Drugs, 72, 259-269, 2011)

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Parenthood, Alcohol Intake, and Drinking Contexts: Occasio Furem Facit

Paradis¹,

Demers²,

Nadeau³

et al. 2011

“…Overall, dating and married couples exhibit different patterns of alcohol consumption because married couples tend to drink less (Bachman et al, 1996;Leonard and Mudar, 2003;Miller-Tutzauer et al, 1991;Temple et al, 1991). In addition, major life events, such as parenthood, may set married couples apart from dating or cohabiting couples.…”

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confidence: 99%

Young Adult Drinking Partnerships: Alcohol-Related Consequences and Relationship Problems Six Years Later

Wiersma¹,

Fischer²

2014

ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examines the association between young adult drinking partnerships (ages 18-26 years) and later alcohol-related problems and consequences, alcohol use, relationship quality, and relationship dissolution in adult relationships (ages 26-35). Method: Data came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health; Waves III and IV) with 1,347 young adults and their partners at Wave III, including dating, cohabiting, and married couples, and individual adult behaviors at Wave IV, 6 years later. Drinking partnerships were based on alcohol use frequency, quantity, heavy episodic drinking, and getting drunk. Results: Four clusters included (a) congruent light and infrequent, (b) discrepant male heavy and frequent, (c) discrepant female heavy and frequent, and (d) congruent heavy and frequent drinkers. Young adult discrepant partnerships reported more alcohol-related problems and consequences 6 years later. Young adults in the congruent heavy drinking partnership indicated more separation/ divorce and alcohol use as adults. Young adult married men who drank discrepantly and higher compared to their wives reported higher rates of adult drinking and problems than other men. There were a number of negative effects from congruent heavy drinking, especially for women. Conclusions: These fi ndings demonstrated that there are multiple types of young adult drinking partnerships based on couples' alcohol use behaviors. Men may be at risk for serious alcohol-related problems later in adulthood, especially when paired with discrepant drinking partners and congruent heavy drinking partners. Women are at risk when in congruent, heavy and frequent drinking partnerships. Studying romantic relationships and drinking has implications for broad aspects of young adult and adult development. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 704-712, 2014)

“…Compared with light drinkers or abstainers, heavy or problem drinkers report more partner confl ict and relationship dissatisfaction (Leonard and Eiden, 2007;Whisman, 2007); they are less likely to marry and, if they do, more likely to divorce, as are users of illicit drugs (Amato and Rogers, 1997;Chilcoat and Breslau, 1996;Hajema and Knibbe, 1998;Newcomb, 1994;Power et al, 1999;Temple et al, 1991;Yamaguchi and Kandel, 1997). Individuals who smoke are also more likely to divorce (Doherty and Doherty, 1998), especially those who initiate smoking during adolescence (Chassin et al, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Smoking and Illicit Drug Use Associations With Early Versus Delayed Reproduction: Findings in a Young Adult Cohort of Australian Twins

Waldron

Heath²,

Lynskey³

et al. 2009

ABSTRACT. Objective: This article examines relationships between reproductive onset and lifetime history of smoking, regular smoking, and nicotine dependence, and cannabis and other illicit drug use. Method: Data were drawn from a young adult cohort of 3,386 female and 2,751 male Australian twins born between 1964 and 1971. Survival analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards regression models predicting age at fi rst childbirth from history of substance use or disorder separately by substance class. Other substance use or disorder, including alcohol dependence, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, history of psychopathology, and family and childhood risks, were included as control variables in adjusted models. Results: Regular smoking and nicotine dependence were associated with earlier reproduction, with pronounced effects for women. For women, use of cannabis was associated with early reproduction before age 20, and with delayed reproduction among women who have not reproduced by age 20 or 25. Adjustment for control variables only partially explained these associations. Conclusions: Consistent with research linking adolescent use with sexual risk taking predictive of early childbearing, regular smokers and nicotine-dependent individuals show earlier reproductive onset. In contrast, delays in childbearing associated with use of cannabis are consistent with impairments in reproductive ability and/or opportunities for reproduction. Continued research on risks both upstream and downstream of substance-use initiation and onset of substance-use disorder is needed for causal mechanisms to be fully understood. (J. Stud. Alcohol