A mathematical model to investigate heat transfer in footwear during walking and jogging

Nemati, H.; Moghimi, M.A.; Naemi, Roozbeh

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102778

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, after these times, the model over-predicts the foot sole temperature. Nemati et al claimed that this may be due to the fact that the effect of sweating was not considered in their study [28]. Since the foot is capsulated inside the shoe, it is not possible to exchange heat to ambient environment by radiation or convection, efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Since the set of equations is nonlinear, they had to be solved iteratively. To validate the numerical method, the problem described in [28] was solved numerically and compared with the proposed analytical solution in [28]. The maximum considered difference was less than 0.05%.…”

Section: Heat Transfer Modeling Of a Shod Footmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the relatively developed models to assess the mechanical behavior of footwear [25][26][27], there is currently no accepted model to justify the experimental results and predict the foot sole temperature. Recently, Nemati et al [28] proposed an analytical method to predict the foot sole temperature during running and jogging at different speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analytical Model to Predict Foot Sole Temperature: Implications to Insole Design for Physical Activity in Sport and Exercise

Nemati

Naemi

2022

Applied Sciences

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Foot sole temperature, besides its importance in thermal comfort, can be considered an important factor in identifying tissue injuries due to heavy activities or diseases. Hyperthermia, which is a raise in the foot temperature, increases the risk of diabetic ulcers considerably. In this study, a model is proposed to predict the foot sole temperature with acceptable accuracy. This model for the first time considers both the thermal and mechanical properties of the shoe sole, the intensity of the activity, the ambient condition, and sweating, which are involved in the thermal interaction between the sole of the foot and footwear. Furthermore, the proposed model provides the opportunity to estimate the contributions of different parameters in foot thermal regulation by describing the interaction of activity, duration, and intensity as well as sweating in influencing the foot sole temperature. In doing so it takes into account the relative importance of heat capacitance and the thermal conductivity. The results of this study revealed that sweating is not as effective in cooling the ball area of the foot while it is the principal contributor to thermal regulation in the arch area. The model also showed the importance of trapped air in keeping the foot warm, especially in cold conditions. Based on the simulation results, in selecting the shoe sole, and in addition to the conductivity, the thermal capacity of the sole of the shoe needs to be considered. The developed analytical model allowed the investigation of the contribution of all the involved parameters in foot thermal regulation and has shown that a different foot temperature can be achieved when the amount of material versus air is changed in the insole design. This can have practical implications in the insole design for a variety of conditions such as hypo and hyper-thermia in physical activities in sports and exercise settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Heat Transfer Modeling Of a Shod Footmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analytical Model to Predict Foot Sole Temperature: Implications to Insole Design for Physical Activity in Sport and Exercise

Nemati

Naemi

2022

Applied Sciences

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“…Currently, the model designed in the CAD environment, as well as numerical simulations, are used increasingly often as an effective tool for the analysis of physical processes affecting the utility comfort of clothing. The processing power of computers, which has grown over the years, makes it possible to design increasingly accurate models of textiles that reflect the structure of real materials with greater precision and allow for the ability to predict their key properties for a given application [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Heat Transfer through Firefighters Multilayer Protective Clothing Using the Computational Fluid Dynamics Assisted by X-ray Microtomography and Thermography

Renard

Puszkarz

2022

Materials

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This paper explores the modeling of physical phenomena that occur in clothing that affect the safety and biophysical comfort of the user. Three-dimensional models of textile assemblies with complex morphology used in firefighters’ multilayer protective clothing were designed in a CAD environment. The main goal of the research was to design and experimentally verify (by thermography) the models in terms of simulations when the heat transfer occurs through them in selected ambient conditions using the finite volume method. The designed models took into account the subtle differences in the geometry of selected assemblies determined by high-resolution X-ray microtomography. The designed models made it possible to calculate heat transport with a difference of about 2% to 5% in comparison to experiment that depend on the ambient conditions and the complexity of the model geometry. Moreover, the comparison of the simulation results with the experimental outcomes shows that the mapping of subtle differences in the internal structure of the assemblies in the designed models allows us to observe differences in the modeled heat transfer.

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“…While various studies described the mechanical behaviour of materials and combinations for the bottom components [ 10 , 14 ], the uppers in footwear structure are studied much less from this perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Parameters of Leather in Relation to Technological Processing of the Footwear Uppers

Mihai¹,

Seul²,

Curteza³

et al. 2022

Materials

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This paper aimed to define two critical mechanical properties of leather—Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio—essential to the virtual simulation of the behaviour of the footwear uppers against the manufacturing operations of stitching and perforating. The following technological aspects were considered to analyse the materials from manufacturing conditions point of view: the number of layers (one layer and two layers), the nature of the materials used for uppers subgroups (calfskin-outer upper, sheep leather-lining, polyester knitted fabric-lining), the overlapping width in the stitching area, the number of parallel stitches (single stitch and double stitch), the punching interval and the type of perforations (simple and with eyelets), resulting in nine kinds of samples. Furthermore, the elasticity (Young’s modulus) and lateral contraction (Poisson’s ratio) were calculated during the tensile strength analysis performed on the SATRA STM 466 equipment. Both mechanical parameters are essential to simulate the behaviour of the virtual footwear prototypes in various conditions.

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A mathematical model to investigate heat transfer in footwear during walking and jogging

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

An Analytical Model to Predict Foot Sole Temperature: Implications to Insole Design for Physical Activity in Sport and Exercise

An Analytical Model to Predict Foot Sole Temperature: Implications to Insole Design for Physical Activity in Sport and Exercise

Modeling of Heat Transfer through Firefighters Multilayer Protective Clothing Using the Computational Fluid Dynamics Assisted by X-ray Microtomography and Thermography

Mechanical Parameters of Leather in Relation to Technological Processing of the Footwear Uppers

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