Modeling of Heat Transfer through Firefighters Multilayer Protective Clothing Using the Computational Fluid Dynamics Assisted by X-ray Microtomography and Thermography

Renard, Morgan; Puszkarz, Adam K.

doi:10.3390/ma15155417

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the future, the impact of liquid cooling and heat emissions between the aluminumcovered mylar layers with a low emissivity coefficient should be considered [9]. This problem can be identified using the Microtomography and the Thermography [39] or statistical analysis [40,41]. Another possibility is the implementation of other mechanisms supporting the thermal insulation of the structure, for example, Phase Change Materials (PCMs) characterized by a high heat capacity, notwithstanding their time-limited effect [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Insulating Properties of Space Suits

Dzięgielewski,

Korycki,

Szafrańska

et al. 2024

Materials

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The purpose of this study was to model the thermal insulating properties in an exemplary multi-layer layup of space suits utilizing computer simulation techniques and physics and mathematical models. The main system responsible for thermal insulation is the Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment (TMG) material layup. Its structure consists of eight layers with different functions. The utilized textile materials are Rip-Stop-type fabrics, strengthened with the addition of a stronger fiber at fixed intervals. The state variable in thermal problems is the temperature field inside the analyzed TMG. The results obtained from the computer simulation were compared to verification calculations from the mathematical model, which allowed for an assessment of the models’ quality and the obtained results. Two numerical models were analyzed in Ansys Workbench software. This enabled an assessment of the model’s quality and the possible discrepancies. The modeling of the structure was carried out using the Finite Element Method. The possibility of using this exemplary material layup for a suit was verified using normalized data for an adult in outer space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Insulating Properties of Space Suits

Dzięgielewski,

Korycki,

Szafrańska

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…X-ray micro-computed tomography, micro-CT (SkyScan 1272, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) [ 50 , 51 ], was used to determine the geometrical parameters of 3D woven fabrics: weave type, warp and weft densities, and their elliptical cross-section. The major axis of the elliptical warp/weft cross-section is associated with the fabric plane (width and length).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Influence of Fabric Structure on Their Electro-Conductive Properties

Tokarska,

Gebremariam,

Puszkarz

2024

Materials

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Electro-conductive fabrics are key materials for designing and developing wearable smart textiles. The properties of textile materials depend on the production method, the technique which leads to high conductivity, and the structure. The aim of the research work was to determine the factors affecting the electrical conductivity of woven fabrics and elucidate the mechanism of electric current conduction through this complex, aperiodic textile material. The chemical composition of the material surface was identified using scanning electron microscopy energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy. The van der Pauw method was employed for multidirectional resistance measurements. The coefficient was determined for the assessment of the electrical anisotropy of woven fabrics. X-ray micro-computed tomography was used for 3D woven structure geometry analysis. The anisotropy coefficient enabled the classification of electro-conductive fabrics in terms of isotropic or anisotropic materials. It was found that the increase in weft density results in an increase in sample anisotropy. The rise in thread width can lead to smaller electrical in-plane anisotropy. The threads are unevenly distributed in woven fabric, and their widths are not constant, which is reflected in the anisotropy coefficient values depending on the electrode arrangement. The smaller the fabric area covered by four electrodes, the fewer factors leading to structure aperiodicity.

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“…The geometric parameters of all components making up both tested composites A and B, determined by micro-CT, were used to design their 3D models (presented in Figure 8) using the SolidWorks 2014 (SP 3.0) CAD software (Dassault Systèmes, Waltham, MA, USA) [40]. The design method used was described in more detail in the authors' previous works on heat and mass transfer through clothing [41][42][43].…”

Section: Model Designingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Insulation against Contact Heat and Radiant Heat of Composites with TiO2-ZrO2-Al and Parylene C Coatings Intended for Protective Gloves Supported by Computational Fluid Dynamics

Miśkiewicz,

Puszkarz

2023

Applied Sciences

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This article concerns research on the use of two types of coatings (parylene C and TiO2-ZrO2-Al) in multilayer composites with potential use in metallurgical protective gloves to improve their insulation against contact heat and radiation heat. To evaluate the thermal safety of the glove user, the composites were examined under the conditions of exposure to contact heat (using a heating cylinder, according to EN ISO 12127-1) and radiant heat (using a copper plate calorimeter, according to EN ISO 6942). Moreover, heat transfer through composites exposed to the heat of a hot plate was examined using thermography. The experimental studies were supported by heat transfer simulations through 3D models of composites. The contact heat method showed that composites achieved insulation against contact heat for both contact temperatures Tc, but composites with parylene C have a longer tt of 9 s (for Tc = 100 °C) and 7 s (250 °C) compared to composites with TiO2-ZrO2-Al. The radiant heat method showed that composites achieved the fourth (highest) level of RHTI24 under exposure to a radiant heat flux of 20 kW m−2. The modeling results showed that the parylene C coating increases the thermal barrier of the composite by approximately 10%, while the TiO2-ZrO2-Al coating increases it by 2%. The applied research techniques demonstrated the usefulness of using both types of coatings in the design of metallurgical protective gloves based on multilayer composites.

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Modeling of Heat Transfer through Firefighters Multilayer Protective Clothing Using the Computational Fluid Dynamics Assisted by X-ray Microtomography and Thermography

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Insulating Properties of Space Suits

Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Insulating Properties of Space Suits

Assessment of the Influence of Fabric Structure on Their Electro-Conductive Properties

Assessment of Insulation against Contact Heat and Radiant Heat of Composites with TiO2-ZrO2-Al and Parylene C Coatings Intended for Protective Gloves Supported by Computational Fluid Dynamics

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