A low power IoT architecture for the monitoring of chemical emissions

Abstract

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">In this work, a low-power IoT architecture for the monitoring of chemical emissions is presented. This system is expected to be employed to set up monitoring infrastructures in industrial plants or public buildings. The proposed system has been designed to embed different sensors. In particular, each sensor node manages a humidity sensor and an array of temperature and electrochemical gas sensors for the detection of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and oxygen (O2). Moreover, it exploits some dedicated processing algorithms to mitigate the dependence of the sensor response on temperature. The sensor node has been designed to minimise power consumption as much as possible, and it is provided with LoRa LPWAN connectivity, which allows for wide-area data transmission. Tests carried out in urban areas proved that a 3 km communication range is achievable in noisy environments. A network architecture and a data acquisition and management structure are then described. A multilayer modular topology that combines the features of LoRa technology with shorter and larger range telecommunication channels in order to develop an IoT framework that can be customised according to the physical and technical features of the deployment scenario</span></p>

Low-Power and Low-Cost Environmental IoT Electronic Nose Using Initial Action Period Measurements

“…Apart from the physics of the sensors, there have been many studies that address the problem of reducing the energy consumption of the nodes, based on low energy communications protocols, architectures and solutions [9,10,11], and on the shape of the heating pulses applied to the sensors [3,12,13,14].…”

Collision-Free Transmissions in an IoT Monitoring Application Based on LoRaWAN

“…The Internet of Things (IoT) is tremendously contributing to the increase of the number of monitoring applications deployed. These applications belong to various fields like smart farming (with smart irrigation, nutrient monitoring and disease detection) [ 1 , 2 ], air pollution monitoring [ 3 , 4 ], smart cities [ 5 ] (with smart parking, smart waste collection and smart lighting), environment control (with leak detection), etc. Such applications require long range transmissions (e.g., from 1 to 12 km), a high number (i.e., ≥ 900) of End Devices (EDs) transmitting short messages (i.e., less than 50 bytes) to a sink in charge of gathering data, not frequently (e.g., from once every 5 mn, up to once every hour or every 6 h).…”

“…In addition, since these devices are battery-operated, a high battery lifetime is required. Taking into account the features of IoT monitoring applications, namely their monitoring area that ranges over an area of up to 6 km radius around the gateway, their data rate, the robustness against interferences and a high network lifetime requested, the LoRaWAN solution [ 4 , 6 ] is the most attracting solution, compared with other examples of Low-Power WANs (LPWANs) such as Sigfox and NB-IoT (Narrow Band—Internet of Things)which enable long communication range and operate for long periods [ 7 ].…”

A field-measurements-based LoRa network planning tool

“…Numerous examples of IoT applications relying on LoRa transmission technology can be found in the recent literature. Addabbo et al [5], [6] present a low-power IoT architecture for the monitoring of chemical emissions, employed to set up monitoring infrastructures in industrial plants or public buildings. Within the context of smart ABSTRACT Long range (LoRa) transmission technology enables energy-constrained devices such as the tiny sensor systems used in internet-ofthings applications that are distributed over wide areas while still being able to establish appropriate connectivity.…”