A longitudinal study of differences in electroencephalographic activity among breastfed, milk formula-fed, and soy formula-fed infants during the first year of life

Jing, Hongkui; Gilchrist, Janet M.; Badger, Thomas M.; Pivik, R.T.

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.02.001

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In this study, breastfed children displayed a prolonged window of white matter development between 16 months and 2 years, resulting in an overall myelin increase detectable by 2 years of age that persisted through childhood. These findings corroborate the EEG spectral power analyses presented above [36], suggesting that breastfeeding influences the timing and duration of myelination processes in infancy. In comparison, formula-fed infants displayed a significantly slower rate of white matter development between 1 and 2 years of age, and the overall volume continued to remain below the volume measured for the breastfed infants.…”

Section: Psychological Effects Of Breastfeeding In Childrensupporting

confidence: 91%

Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers

Krol

Großmann

2018

Bundesgesundheitsbl

263

158

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While the nutritional and physical health benefits of breastfeeding are well established, accumulating research demonstrates the far-reaching psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and their mothers. Here, we provide a non-exhaustive review of the empirical evidence, showing that breastfeeding impacts children’s brain, cognitive, and socio-emotional development. In mothers, research is presented indicating that breastfeeding influences mood, affect, stress, and maternal care. The current review aims to provide a broad overview of existing findings on the psychological effects of breastfeeding, highlighting the important role that breastfeeding plays across several dimensions of psychological functioning. We also discuss the potential mechanisms that may underpin the observed effects, provide a constructive commentary on the limitations of the existing work, and put forth some considerations when evaluating this line of research.

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Section: Psychological Effects Of Breastfeeding In Childrensupporting

confidence: 91%

Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers

Krol

Großmann

2018

Bundesgesundheitsbl

263

158

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“…Studies have shown that brain electrical activity may promote myelination (37,38) and the timing and extent of increases in brain neural activity may differentially affect the myelination process. During infancy EEG development follows a different time course in BF and FF infants (39). Furthermore, infant diet-related differences in surges in EEG activity in the 9-30 Hz frequency range were greatest among boys, with BF boys showing significantly greater activity than FF boys (39), a finding consistent with the greater FA values in BF than FF males in this study.…”

Section: Articlessupporting

confidence: 82%

Sex-specific association between infant diet and white matter integrity in 8-y-old children

Andres

Cleves

et al. 2014

Pediatr Res

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Background:The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding, which is well known to promote cognitive and behavioral development. The evidence for why this occurs is not well understood. Methods: Fifty-six 7.5-to 8.5-y-old healthy children were breastfed (BF; n = 22, 10 males) or formula-fed (FF; n = 34, 16 males) as infants. All children were administered: the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale (RIAS); the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-4) tests; and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measured fractional anisotropy (FA) values were correlated with RIAS and CELF-4 scores. results: DTI tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses showed multiple white matter regions in the left hemisphere with significantly higher FA (P < 0.05, corrected) values in BF than FF males, but no significant group differences in females. Males who were exclusively BF for at least 1 y appeared to have the greatest differences in FA. Mean FA values positively correlated with composite scores of RIAS (P = 0.03) and CELF-4 (P = 0.02). conclusion: Breastfeeding during infancy was associated with better white matter development at 8 y of age in boys. A similar association was not observed in girls.

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“…Much like the adult 8–13 Hz alpha and 4–8 Hz theta bands, the infant/child 6–9 Hz band has been used to examine a variety of different constructs, (e.g., visual attention, emotion expression and regulation, working memory and inhibitory control; Fox, Henderson, Rubin, Calkins, & Schmidt, 2001; Morasch & Bell, 2011; Orekhova, Stroganova, & Posikera, 2001). Relatively little work, however, has examined the functional significance of other infant/child frequency bands (e.g., Bell, 2002; Cuevas, Raj, & Bell, 2012a, 2012b; Jing, Gilchrist, Badger, & Pivik, 2010). Clearly, age-appropriate frequency bands are critical for developmental EEG research, and future research will enhance our understanding of infant-adult frequency band relations.…”

Section: Best Practices For Developmental Eeg Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using EEG to Study Cognitive Development: Issues and Practices

Bell

Cuevas

2012

Journal of Cognition and Development

195

140

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Developmental research is enhanced by use of multiple methodologies for examining psychological processes. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an efficient and relatively inexpensive method for the study of developmental changes in brain-behavior relations. In this review, we highlight some of the challenges for using EEG in cognitive development research. We also list best practices for incorporating this methodology into the study of early cognitive processes. Consideration of these issues is critical for making an informed decision regarding implementation of EEG methodology.

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A longitudinal study of differences in electroencephalographic activity among breastfed, milk formula-fed, and soy formula-fed infants during the first year of life

Cited by 49 publications

References 51 publications

Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers

Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers

Sex-specific association between infant diet and white matter integrity in 8-y-old children

Using EEG to Study Cognitive Development: Issues and Practices

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