A Longitudinal Evaluation of Adolescent Depression and Adult Obesity

Richardson, Laura P.; Davis, Robert N.; Poulton, Richie; McCauley, Elizabeth; Moffitt, Terrie E.; Caspi, Avshalom; Connell, Frederick A.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.157.8.739

Cited by 271 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…These results are in line with previous studies suggesting that the association between body weight and depressive disorders differs between women and men. 8,10,13 In addition to previous studies, the current study suggests that there is an association between childhood depressive symptoms and adult BMI in both genders being considerably stronger in women than in men. However, the graphic presentation in Figure 1 suggests that the effects on men might appear after the growth period, which is later in men than in women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Based on results in previous studies regarding gender differences in the associations between childhood depression and body weight, 10,13 we expected stronger associations among women than men. Therefore, we modeled the interaction between gender and childhood depression, and we analyzed the data for women and men separately.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…If subjects endorsed past symptoms of depression, the interviewers carefully determined the age when the first depressive symptoms occurred and collected data on impairment and treatment of these symptoms. Prior studies [10][11][12][13] find that major depression in adolescence emerges as a particularly potent predictor of obesity in women. As a result, we defined childhood depressive symptoms as those with an onset before age 17 years (dichotomous exposure variable).…”

Section: Assessment Of Childhood Depressive Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with this possibility, epidemiological studies document weak and inconsistent crosssectional associations between depression and body mass index (BMI). 8,9 Nevertheless, recent epidemiological studies suggest that relatively strong longitudinal associations may emerge between psychopathology and BMI, particularly when psychopathology involves the presence of depressive symptoms during childhood and adolescence in women, [10][11][12][13] and when follow-up assessment expands beyond age 21 years. 13,14 While previous longitudinal studies on body weight and depression followed study subjects up from childhood to young adulthood, this is the first study using long-term follow-up data into middle age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 Nevertheless, recent epidemiological studies suggest that relatively strong longitudinal associations may emerge between psychopathology and BMI, particularly when psychopathology involves the presence of depressive symptoms during childhood and adolescence in women, [10][11][12][13] and when follow-up assessment expands beyond age 21 years. 13,14 While previous longitudinal studies on body weight and depression followed study subjects up from childhood to young adulthood, this is the first study using long-term follow-up data into middle age. Based on prior longitudinal studies, [10][11][12] we test the hypothesis that depressive symptoms present during childhood predict increased weight gain and an increased incidence of obesity in adulthood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depressive symptoms during childhood and adult obesity: the Zurich Cohort Study

et al. 2005

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Depression and obesity have become major health problems with increasing prevalence. Given the limited effectiveness of treatment for weight problems, the identification of novel, potentially modifiable risk factors may provide insights on new preventive approaches to obesity. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that depressive symptoms during childhood are associated with weight gain and obesity during young adulthood. Participants were from a prospective community-based cohort study of young adults (N ¼ 591) followed between ages 19 and 40 years. The sample was stratified to increase the probability of somatic and psychological syndromes. Information was derived from six subsequent semistructured diagnostic interviews conducted by professionals over 20 years. The outcome measures were body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI430). Among women, depressive symptoms before age 17 years were associated with increased weight gain (4.8 vs 2.6% BMI increase per 10 years) representing greater risk for adult obesity (hazard ratio ¼ 11.52, Po0.05). Among men, only after controlling for confounders, depressive symptoms before age 17 years were associated with increased weight gain (6.6 vs 5.2% BMI increase per 10 years) in adulthood but not with occurrence of obesity. These associations between childhood depressive symptoms and adult body weight were adjusted for baseline body weight, a family history of weight problems, levels of physical activity, consumption of alcohol and nicotine, and demographic variables. As the magnitude of the associations was high, and depression during childhood is a prevalent and treatable condition, this finding may have important clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Whether the results of this study are limited to populations with elevated levels of psychopathology remains to be tested. Molecular Psychiatry (2005) 10, 842-850.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Assessment Of Childhood Depressive Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depressive symptoms during childhood and adult obesity: the Zurich Cohort Study

et al. 2005

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Overweight, Obesity, and Depression

Luppino¹,

Wit²,

Bouvy³

et al. 2010

Arch Gen Psychiatry

3,286

1,309

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Prevalence and Persistence of Psychiatric Disorders in Youth After Detention

Teplin¹,

Welty²,

Abram³

et al. 2012

Arch Gen Psychiatry

121

101

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Context Psychiatric disorders are prevalent among incarcerated juveniles. Most juveniles eventually return to their communities, where they become the responsibility of the community mental health system. Yet, no large-scale study has examined psychiatric disorders after youth leave detention. Objective To examine changes in prevalence and persistence of disorders during the 5 years after detention, focusing on sex and racial/ethnic differences. Design Prospective longitudinal study with up to 5 interviews (N = 1829). To ensure representation of key demographic subgroups, the randomly selected sample was stratified by sex, race/ethnicity (African American, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic), age, and legal status (juvenile or adult court). Setting The Northwestern Juvenile Project, sampling youth from the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, Chicago, Illinois. Participants Detained youth, 10 to 18 years at baseline interview. Main Outcome Measures At baseline, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3. At follow-ups, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version IV (Child and Young Adult versions) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version IV (substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder). Results Five years after baseline, more than 45% of males and nearly 30% of females had one or more psychiatric disorders with associated impairment. Substance use disorders were the most common disorders; males, however, had higher rates over time (5 years after baseline, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.61; 95% CI, 1.96–3.47). Non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics also had higher rates of substance use disorders compared with African Americans (respectively, AOR, 1.96, 95% CI, 1.54–2.49; AOR, 1.59, 95% CI, 1.24–2.03). Females had higher rates of major depression over time (AOR, 1.59, 95% CI, 1.22–2.08). Conclusions Although prevalence rates of most psychiatric disorders declined over time, a substantial proportion of delinquent youth continue to have disorders. There were notable sex and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence and persistence of disorders.

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A Longitudinal Evaluation of Adolescent Depression and Adult Obesity

Abstract: Depression in late adolescence is associated with later obesity, but only among girls. Future studies should address reasons for these age and sex differences and the potential for intervention to reduce the risk for adult obesity in depressed older adolescent girls.

Cited by 271 publications

References 50 publications

Depressive symptoms during childhood and adult obesity: the Zurich Cohort Study

Depressive symptoms during childhood and adult obesity: the Zurich Cohort Study

Overweight, Obesity, and Depression

Prevalence and Persistence of Psychiatric Disorders in Youth After Detention

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