A literature review of energy flexibility in district heating with a survey of the stakeholders’ participation

Ma, Zheng; Knotzer, Armin; Billanes, Joy Dalmacio; Jôrgensen, Bo Nørregaard

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109750

Cited by 60 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The previous heat usage patterns prediction can be grouped into two main groups, including physical energy (i.e., white box) and data-driven approaches (i.e., black box). The physical energy approach relies entirely on analyzing functional correlations of building parameters to build the heat load profile 11 . Although the physical energy-based models' forecast accuracy is usually better than the data-driven models, it is labor-intensive and time-consuming to develop correct physical energy profiles for each building.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily and seasonal heat usage patterns analysis in heat networks

Dang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Heat usage patterns, which are greatly affected by the users' behaviors, network performances, and control logic, are a crucial indicator of the effective and efficient management of district heating networks. The variations in the heat load can be daily or seasonal. The daily variations are primarily influenced by the customers' social behaviors, whereas the seasonal variations are mainly caused by the large temperature differences between the seasons over the year. Irregular heat load patterns can significantly raise costs due to pricey peak fuels and increased peak heat load capacities. The in-depth analyses of heat load profiles are regrettably quite rare and small-scale up until now. Therefore, this study offers a comprehensive investigation of a district heating network operation in order to exploit the major features of the heat usage patterns and discover the big factors that affect the heat load patterns. In addition, this study also provides detailed explanations of the features that can be considered the main drivers of the users' heat load demand. Finally, two primary daily heat usage patterns are extracted, which are exploited to efficiently train the prediction model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily and seasonal heat usage patterns analysis in heat networks

Dang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…In the third generation, pressurized water was used as a heat carrier, but supply temperatures fell below 100 • C. Pre-insulated fabricated pipes and substations with plate stainless steel heat exchangers were used underground to transport heat [39]. The new generation of DH, i.e., the fourth generation DH, supplied water at low temperatures (45-60 • C) [40]. One of the main peculiarities that marked the evolution of DHC, which allows the sector coupling, is the radical change in the number and type of heat generation technologies used, passing from the first/second generation (steam boilers running on coal and CHP plants) to the third generation, which included the heat production from biomass, waste, fossil fuel boilers, along with large-scale and distributed CHP plants.…”

Section: Thermal Grids: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Technologies for Sector Coupling: A Review on the Role of Heat Pumps and Thermal Energy Storage

et al. 2021

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In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, current and future energy systems need to be made more efficient and sustainable. This change can be accomplished by increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources and using efficient technologies in energy generation systems. One way to improve the operation of the whole energy system is through the generation and end-use sector coupling. Power-to-heat energy conversion and storage technologies, in this view, are enabling technologies that can help in balancing and improving the efficiency of both thermal and electric grids. In the present paper, a comprehensive analysis of the role of heat pumps and thermal energy storage for sector coupling is presented. The main features of the analyzed technologies are presented in the context of smart electric grid, district heating and cooling and multi-carrier energy systems, and recent findings and developments are highlighted. Finally, the technical, social, and economic challenges in the adoption of investigated technologies are discussed.

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“…domestic hot water tank). The development of district heating networks in Morocco can also give a growing role to the massive thermal storage in Morocco [60] .…”

Section: Key Elements For Successful Transformation Of the Power Systmentioning

confidence: 99%