A Linear Inertial Response Emulation for Variable Speed Wind Turbines

Azizipanah‐Abarghooee, Rasoul; Malekpour, Mostafa; Dragičević, Tomislav; Blaabjerg, Frede; Terzija, Vladimir

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2019.2939411

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This section expresses the application results of the suggested framework on a 10‐unit system. In order to stress the importance of providing virtual inertial response from VSWTs, as well as primary frequency support from SGs, several study cases are deployed in the stochastic FCUC model [27]. The system and units' characteristics are provided in Table 1 [11, 33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical power generated by a wind turbine is as follows [27]:

P_{wt} = \frac{1}{2} C_{p} ρ π r^{2} V_{w}^{3}

where ρ , V w , r , C p and P wt denote the air density, wind speed, blade radius, power coefficient and wind turbine power, respectively. The ratio of the linear speed of the blade's tip ( ω wt ) to wind speed is called tip speed ratio and can be expressed in dimensionless condition as follows:

λ = \frac{r ω_{normalw}}{V_{normalw}}

Power coefficient C p is generally a function of tip speed ratio and the blade pitch angle, as depicted in the following form [28]:

C_{normalp} = c_{1} ()(, \frac{c_{2}}{λ_{1}} - c_{3} θ - c_{4} θ^{c_{5}} - c_{6}) {normale}^{c_{7} / λ_{i}}

where

λ_{i} = {(\frac{1}{c_{8} θ + λ} - \frac{c_{9}}{θ^{3} + 1})}^{- 1}

The blade data studies used in modern wind turbines shows that the accuracy of (26) is not reasonable for modern wind turbines [29].…”

Section: Modelling Virtual Inertia and Frequency Constraints Of Vswtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WT shaft which rotates slower than generator shaft is connected to the generator shaft through a gearbox. The mechanical dynamics of a WT can be represented as follows [27]:

M_{normalw} ω_{normalw} \frac{normald}{d t} ω_{w} = P_{normalwt} - P_{normalwg}

where M w and P wg are the mechanical time constant of the WT shaft and the wind generator generated power, respectively. A virtual inertial response can be emulated for VSWT according to Fig.…”

Section: Modelling Virtual Inertia and Frequency Constraints Of Vswtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Stochastic frequency constrained unit commitment incorporating virtual inertial response from variable speed wind turbines

Malekpour¹,

Zare²,

Azizipanah‐Abarghooee

et al. 2020

IET gener. transm. distrib.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical power generated by a wind turbine is as follows [27]:

P_{wt} = \frac{1}{2} C_{p} ρ π r^{2} V_{w}^{3}

λ = \frac{r ω_{normalw}}{V_{normalw}}

Power coefficient C p is generally a function of tip speed ratio and the blade pitch angle, as depicted in the following form [28]:

C_{normalp} = c_{1} ()(, \frac{c_{2}}{λ_{1}} - c_{3} θ - c_{4} θ^{c_{5}} - c_{6}) {normale}^{c_{7} / λ_{i}}

where

λ_{i} = {(\frac{1}{c_{8} θ + λ} - \frac{c_{9}}{θ^{3} + 1})}^{- 1}

The blade data studies used in modern wind turbines shows that the accuracy of (26) is not reasonable for modern wind turbines [29].…”

Section: Modelling Virtual Inertia and Frequency Constraints Of Vswtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WT shaft which rotates slower than generator shaft is connected to the generator shaft through a gearbox. The mechanical dynamics of a WT can be represented as follows [27]:

M_{normalw} ω_{normalw} \frac{normald}{d t} ω_{w} = P_{normalwt} - P_{normalwg}

where M w and P wg are the mechanical time constant of the WT shaft and the wind generator generated power, respectively. A virtual inertial response can be emulated for VSWT according to Fig.…”

Section: Modelling Virtual Inertia and Frequency Constraints Of Vswtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stochastic frequency constrained unit commitment incorporating virtual inertial response from variable speed wind turbines

Malekpour¹,

Zare²,

Azizipanah‐Abarghooee

et al. 2020

IET gener. transm. distrib.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A torque limit-based scheme that maximizes the inertial response accounting for the maximum torque limit is presented in [81]. A modified version of this method is developed in [82], achieving reduced mechanical tensions on the turbine, accurate inertial response estimation of a wind farm by using its total generation, and more secure system operation. The provision of emulated inertial response by wind turbines by means of droop control strategy is discussed in [83], where it is shown that the tuning of the control parameters depends both on the power system configuration and wind power penetration level.…”

Section: Virtual Inertia Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Energy Storage Systems in the United Kingdom: A Review of Current State-of-the-Art and Future Applications

Mexis

Todeschini

2020

Energies

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The number of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) installed in the United Kingdom and worldwide is growing rapidly due to a variety of factors, including technological improvements, reduced costs and the ability to provide various ancillary services. The aim of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive literature review on this technology, its applications in power systems and to identify potential future developments. At first, the main BESSs projects in the UK are presented and classified. The parameters provided for each project include rated power, battery technology and ancillary services provided, if any. In the next section, the most commonly deployed ancillary services are classified and described. At the same time, the nomenclature found in the literature is explained and harmonised. The second part of the paper focuses on future developments and research gaps: ancillary services that currently are not common but that are likely to be deployed more widely in the future will be described, and more general research topics related to the development of BESSs for power system applications will be outlined.

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“…(on wind turbine base) extra power for 10 s provided that the wind speed is more than 6.5 m/s [8]. Therefore, with inertia emulation control the WT can provide the VIS [9]. In deloaded operation mode, the WT is operated at lower than the maximum power point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Security Constrained Energy Management in an Isolated Power System

Akram

Mithulananthan

Shah

et al. 2020

Wseas Transactions on Power Systems

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Short-term frequency instability is one of the major challenges that arise due to large-scale penetration of converter interfaced renewable energy sources (RESs) in isolated power systems. The short-term frequency instability is associated with high values of rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and larger frequency excursions. In this paper, a frequency constrained energy management algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm manages the power output of RESs, energy storage system, and electric vehicles (EVs) in such a way that the system keeps nonsynchronous power reserve for providing virtual inertia support to avoid high values of RoCoF and frequency excursions. The non-synchronous power reserve is readily available and when deployed can limit the RoCoF as per the required standard. The proposed management algorithm selects the non-synchronous power reserve from different resources, i.e., RES (solar PV, wind turbine), energy storage, and EV, depending on the availability and system loading conditions. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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A Linear Inertial Response Emulation for Variable Speed Wind Turbines

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Stochastic frequency constrained unit commitment incorporating virtual inertial response from variable speed wind turbines

Stochastic frequency constrained unit commitment incorporating virtual inertial response from variable speed wind turbines

Battery Energy Storage Systems in the United Kingdom: A Review of Current State-of-the-Art and Future Applications

Frequency Security Constrained Energy Management in an Isolated Power System

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