A known-plaintext heuristic attack on the Fourier plane encryption algorithm

Gopinathan, Unnikrishnan; Monaghan, David; Naughton, Thomas J.; Sheridan, John T.

doi:10.1364/oe.14.003181

Cited by 210 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Since the initial values of the 2D SLMM function are used to generate the RPMs in decryption, there is no need to send the whole RPMs to the receiver for decryption, which drastically reduces the amount of key data. It is worth noting that the scrambling parameters SKs1 and SKt1 in step (9) do not need to be saved as secret keys, because they can be calculated from the private keys SPh1 and SPh2 during decryption. In addition, eight grayscale images all of size M×N can be encrypted into one of size 2M×2N, which means the compression ratio of the proposed encryption method can be 1:2.…”

Section: The Proposed Asymmetric Multiple-image Encryption and Decmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the optical encryption methods can be viewed as symmetric cryptosystems, in which the keys for encryption and decryption are identical [8]. However, earlier studies indicated that these cryptosystems are lacking in security strength, because of the inherently linear property of mathematical or optical transformation, and are vulnerable to various attacks such as chosen plaintext attack [8][9][10][11]. In addition, most schemes mainly focused on single-image encryption, which leads to deficiency in multiple-image encryption and transmission [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetric Multiple-Image Encryption Based on Octonion Fresnel Transform and Sine Logistic Modulation Map

2016

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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A novel asymmetric multiple-image encryption method using an octonion Fresnel transform (OFST) and a two-dimensional Sine Logistic modulation map (2D-SLMM) is presented. First, a new multiple-image information processing tool termed the octonion Fresneltransform is proposed, and then an efficient method to calculate the OFST of an octonion matrix is developed. Subsequently this tool is applied to process multiple plaintext images, which are represented by octonion algebra, holistically in a vector manner. The complex amplitude, formed from the components of the OFST-transformed original images and modulated by a random phase mask (RPM), is used to derive the ciphertext image by employing an amplitude-and phase-truncation approach in the Fresnel domain. To avoid sending whole RPMs to the receiver side for decryption, a random phase mask generation method based on SLMM, in which only the initial parameters of the chaotic function are needed to generate the RPMs, is designed. To enhance security, the ciphertext and two decryption keys produced in the encryption procedure are permuted by the proposed SLMM-based scrambling method. Numerical simulations have been carried out to demonstrate the proposed scheme's validity, high security, and high resistance to various attacks.

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Section: The Proposed Asymmetric Multiple-image Encryption and Decmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Multiple-Image Encryption Based on Octonion Fresnel Transform and Sine Logistic Modulation Map

2016

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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“…In recent years there have been a number of proposed attacks [92][93][94][95][96][97] on DRPE-type encryption systems, including those systems that operate exclusively with phase [98,99]. Many of these attacks have shown that by only approximating the key one can get adequate decryption of encrypted images.…”

Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Naughton¹,

Rastogi²,

Hack³

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The use of phase has a long standing history in optical image processing, with early milestones being in the field of pattern recognition, such as VanderLugt's practical construction technique for matched filters, and (implicitly) Goodman's joint Fourier transform correlator. In recent years, the flexibility afforded by phase-only spatial light modulators and digital holography, for example, has enabled many processing techniques based on the explicit encoding and decoding of phase. One application area concerns efficient numerical computations. Pushing phase measurement to its physical limits, designs employing the physical properties of phase have ranged from the sensible to the wonderful, in some cases making computationally easy problems easier to solve and in other cases addressing mathematics' most challenging computationally hard problems. Another application area is optical image encryption, in which, typically, a phase mask modulates the fractional Fourier transformed coefficients of a perturbed input image, and the phase of the inverse transform is then sensed as the encrypted image. The inherent linearity that makes the system so elegant mitigates against its use as an effective encryption technique, but we show how a combination of optical and digital techniques can restore confidence in that security. We conclude with the concept of digital hologram image processing, and applications of same that are uniquely suited to optical implementation, where the processing, recognition, or encryption step operates on full field information, such as that emanating from a coherently illuminated real-world three-dimensional object.

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“…In general it is difficult to recover the watermark, f ðx; yÞ, directly from the cyphertext gðx; yÞ without using these two keys. The purpose of the cryptanalysis presented in [4][5][6][7][8] is to retrieve part, or all, of the information of these keys with a priori but incomplete knowledge of the plaintext and/or the cyphertext, and eventually retrieve any plaintext encrypted using the same key-set ½/ðx; yÞ; wðu; vÞ. Collision, on the other hand, involves finding another key-set, ½/ 0 ðx; yÞ; w 0 ðu; vÞ, which will encrypt a different f 0 ðx; yÞ to the same gðx; yÞ, the cyphertext of f ðx; yÞ.…”

Section: Collision Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently there have been several studies pointing out that random phase encoding systems are vulnerable to chosen-cyphertext, chosenplaintext and known-plaintext attacks [4][5][6][7][8]. However, to date there is no study on the collision resistance of this technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collision in double random phase encoding

Situ

Monaghan

Naughton

et al. 2008

Optics Communications

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a b s t r a c tCollision is a situation that occurs when two or more distinct inputs into a security system produce identical outputs, which is undesirable in some security applications. This is especially true of the applications of watermarking and authentication. In this manuscript we present a study of the collision property of double random phase encoding. We show that one can produce meaningful collisions from the cyphertext of a watermark embedded in a host image by use of phase retrieval techniques.

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A known-plaintext heuristic attack on the Fourier plane encryption algorithm

Cited by 210 publications

References 14 publications

Asymmetric Multiple-Image Encryption Based on Octonion Fresnel Transform and Sine Logistic Modulation Map

Asymmetric Multiple-Image Encryption Based on Octonion Fresnel Transform and Sine Logistic Modulation Map

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Collision in double random phase encoding

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