“…The aforementioned methodologies encompass particle swarm optimisation (PSO) [21], evolutionary computing (EP) [22], differential evolutionary (DE) [23], grey wolf optimisation (GWO), teaching learning-based optimisation (TLBO), the Krill's herd optimisation (KHO), Phasor PSO algorithms (PPSO), and improved beta hill-climbing the local search algorithm (CLS), among others. Hybrid techniques for optimization, such as learned genetic predisposition PSO [29], a mix of GA and PSO; Combining DE, quadratic programming sequences, and chaotic sequences (SQP), DECSQP [30]; Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and DECSQP [30], which combines DE and chaos sequences; HBFA [31], this combines the PSO algorithm with the technique of bacterial gathering (BFA); Blended Approach (HYB) [32], a combination of the Butterfly and Bats Algorithms: modified randomised frog-leaping technique (MSFLA) [33] is a form of the frogleaping technique, which was derived from the multiobjective striped African hyena and emperor penguin (MOSHEPO) [34] are a few methods used frequently to address ELD and CEED issues.…”