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It is already established that the renewable integration effects to the power system are nonzero and become more important with large penetrations. Thereby, the impacts of renewable energy sources (RESs) after integration are studied in this work to stabilize grid frequency of the studied test power system model. Initially, the two-area power system model is studied as the test system. The purpose is to show the tuning efficiency of non-conventional quasi-oppositional dragonfly algorithm (QODA) algorithm as compared to conventional way of tuning technique. It is showed that QODA algorithm is quite effective to find the optimal parameters of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in load frequency control performance. Further, the three-area power system model integrated with RESs is studied. The work done here is to study the impacts of wind turbine generation, solar thermal power generation and solar photovoltaic on system frequency oscillations. The PID controller is employed as the supplementary control task, and its parameters are tuned by QODA algorithm. The integral of time absolute error is chosen as the objective function, and further performance indices are determined at the end of the execution of the program to examine the performance of the designed QODA-based PID controller. Following the integration of RESs, the impacts on frequency deviation through simulation results are also presented. The simulation results showed that the RESs are quite effective in regulating the power system frequency deviation understudied.

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In the present paper, a novel meta-heuristic algorithm, namely quasi-oppositional search-based political optimizer (QOPO), is proposed to solve a non-convex single and bi-objective economic and emission load dispatch problem (EELDP). In the proposed QOPO technique, an opposite estimate candidate solution is performed simultaneously on each candidate solution of the political optimizer to find a better solution of EELDP. In the bi-objective EELDP, QOPSO is applied to simultaneously minimize fuel costs and emissions by considering various constraints such as the valve-point loading effect (VPLE) and generator limits for a generation. The effectiveness of the proposed QOPO technique has been applied on three units, six units, 10-units, 11-units, 13-units, and 40-unit systems by considering the VPLE, transmission line losses, and generator limits. The results obtained using the proposed QOPO are compared with those obtained by other techniques reported in the literature. The relative results divulge that the proposed QOPO technique has a good exploration and exploitation capability to determine the optimal global solution compared to the other methods provided in the literature without violation of any constraints and bounded limits.

In the present paper, a new approach to estimate the harmonic distortions is proposed by considering the existence of harmonic sources in the power system. The algorithm employs a differential evolution technique by formulating the reverse harmonic load flow problem for each harmonic order and by considering a limited number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) deployed across the power system. The technique utilizes the measured voltage and current harmonics obtained using synchronized PMUs with known transmission network as input data. The proposed technique estimates the harmonic voltage phasors at the unmonitored buses of the power system with reasonable accuracy. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method is validated by applying it to five bus and IEEE 14-bus test systems by considering uncertainty in measurement noise. It is shown that the proposed approach yields optimum solution and provides reliable and accurate harmonic state estimates.