“…Cell sheet tissue-engineered vascular medias (TEVM) have been extensively tested through use of a comprehensive panel of agents, 6 as well as investigations of the endothelin system. 7 Despite issues with cell culture, vasoactivity has been seen in TEVM that used adult smooth muscle cells [8][9][10] as well as TEVM using umbilical cord derived, 6,7,11,12 bone marrow progenitor, 13 and neonatal cells. 14,15 One reason why few groups have demonstrated function is that obtaining the number of cells necessary to make a TEVM requires extensive passaging of cells.…”