A highly efficient catalyst for the esterification of acetic acid using n-butyl alcohol

Jermy, B. Rabindran; Pandurangan, A.

doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2005.04.034

Cited by 109 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Besides the excess of the reactant shifted the equilibrium, the higher conversion could be attributed to occupancy of the acid over the active sites and the availability of alcohol molecules for further esterification. In the other hand, the effect of mole ratio over the conversion can be attributed with the occupancy of acids over the active sites and availability of alcohol molecules for further esterification [12,13]. It is well agreed with the literatures reported earlier [12,13], it is assumed at a mole ratio 1:1.0 that the fatty acid is chemisorbed on the active sites to form carbonium ions.…”

Section: Effect Of Catalyst Loading and Reactants Mol Ratiosupporting

confidence: 57%

Zirconium sulfate supported on activated carbon as catalyst for esterification of oleic acid by n-butanol under solvent-free conditions

et al. 2007

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It has been shown that the activated carbon-supported zirconium sulfate (ZS) is an efficient solid catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid by n-butanol under solvent-free condition. The effect of mole ratio of the reactant, time and catalyst loading on the conversion was examined. The correlation among XRD, nitrogen adsorption data and catalytic activity suggested that ZS has been finely dispersed on activated carbon, which are active in the esterification of oleic acid. The reaction shows that the supported ZS exhibits a higher activity than that of parent ZS and conventional resins.

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Section: Effect Of Catalyst Loading and Reactants Mol Ratiosupporting

confidence: 57%

Zirconium sulfate supported on activated carbon as catalyst for esterification of oleic acid by n-butanol under solvent-free conditions

et al. 2007

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“…[24] The intense bands at 1450 cm À1 and 1480 cm À1 are attributed to Lewis acid sites, and the band at 1611 cm À1 is related to Brønsted acid sites as well. [25] The FTIR spectrum of adsorbed pyridine on the catalyst showed similarly intense bands ascribed to Brønsted acid sites and for Lewis acid sites. From these results, it can be concluded that partial exchange of protons with Zn ion introduces Lewis acid sites into pure HPW molecules and enhances the acid strength of pure HPW through Lewis acid sites assisting Brønsted acid sites.…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Zn_1.2H_0.6PW₁₂O₄₀ Nanotubes with Double Acid Sites as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2009

ChemSusChem

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Out of the frying pan: A ZnPW nanotube catalyst containing Brønsted and Lewis double acid sites promotes the conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. The catalytic activity of the ZnPW nanotubes is stable to the presence of free fatty acids or water in the feedstock. The high catalytic activity of the ZnPW nanotubes is attributed to the synergistic effect of Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites.Zinc dodecatungstophosphate (Zn(1.2)H(0.6)PW(12)O(40); ZnPW) nanotubes, which feature Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites, were prepared using cellulose fibers as templates. The structure, acid properties, and catalytic activity of the nanotubes as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production were then studied in detail. The ZnPW nanocatalyst exhibited higher catalytic activities for the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of palmitic acid than the parent acid catalyst 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H(3)PW(12)O(40)). Moreover, the doubly acidic nanotubes led to markedly enhanced yields of methyl esters in the conversion of waste cooking oil (containing 26.89 wt % free fatty acids and 1 % moisture) to biodiesel. The catalyst could be recycled and reused with negligible loss in activity over five cycles. The ZnPW nanocatalyst is acid- and water-tolerant and is an environmentally benign heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel from low-quality feedstocks.

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“…Among them, n-butanol is commonly used in the solvents of paints, varnishes and lacquer in household products (6). It is also a major feedstock for the industrial manufacturing of various commodity chemicals including butyl acrylate, butyl acetate, glycol ethers, and plasticizers (7). When n-butanol is emitted from the industrial sources in the presence of aromatic compounds, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of n-butanol by an Atmospheric-pressure Plasma Jet over Air and Ar Working Gases with a Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst

Yuan

Chang

Lin

et al. 2016

Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies

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Abstract:Plasma decompositions of n-butanol (n-b) in air over working gases of air (n-b/air with 21 vol.% O 2 ) and Ar (nb/air/Ar with 5 vol.% O 2 ) were studied using an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) reactor with and without Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The utilization of catalytic APPJ (CAPPJ) shows excellent performance in terms of the conversion of n-butanol in n-b/air of 94.7% and n-b/air/Ar of 99.5% at plasma energy density = 3.75 kJ L -1 and space velocity = 17,400 h -1 . By comparing the working gases of air and Ar, the results indicate that n-b/air/Ar system exhibits slightly better performance than n-b/air system in APPJ and CAPPJ, suggesting that energetic primary electrons from Ar discharge would sufficiently retain the plasma reactive species for facilitating the decomposition of n-butanol. The proposed kinetic models show good agreement with the experimental data of APPJ and CAPPJ. The information obtained is useful for the operation, design and analysis of plasma system.

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A highly efficient catalyst for the esterification of acetic acid using n-butyl alcohol

Cited by 109 publications

References 18 publications

Zirconium sulfate supported on activated carbon as catalyst for esterification of oleic acid by n-butanol under solvent-free conditions

Zirconium sulfate supported on activated carbon as catalyst for esterification of oleic acid by n-butanol under solvent-free conditions

Zn_1.2H_0.6PW₁₂O₄₀ Nanotubes with Double Acid Sites as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

Destruction of n-butanol by an Atmospheric-pressure Plasma Jet over Air and Ar Working Gases with a Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst

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A highly efficient catalyst for the esterification of acetic acid using n-butyl alcohol

Cited by 109 publications

References 18 publications

Zirconium sulfate supported on activated carbon as catalyst for esterification of oleic acid by n-butanol under solvent-free conditions

Zirconium sulfate supported on activated carbon as catalyst for esterification of oleic acid by n-butanol under solvent-free conditions

Zn1.2H0.6PW12O40 Nanotubes with Double Acid Sites as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

Destruction of n-butanol by an Atmospheric-pressure Plasma Jet over Air and Ar Working Gases with a Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst

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Zn_1.2H_0.6PW₁₂O₄₀ Nanotubes with Double Acid Sites as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil