A high-performance tin phosphide/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Tin phosphide (SnxPy) is considered as an alternative anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to high theoretical lithium-storage ability. Herein, carbon-coated SnP/C and Sn4P3/C composites are obtained via a...

Facile Synthesis of MPS3/C (M = Ni and Sn) Hybrid Materials and Their Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Nowadays, LIBs have been applied widely in energy storage devices, portable electronics, and electric vehicles. − However, as the present anode material of commercial LIBs, graphite has a low lithiation capacity with a theoretical limitation of 372 mA h g –1 and a poor rate performance . Therefore, the research of new anode materials to replace graphite is one of the most attractive topics in LIBs and considerable achievements have been made. − As reported in previous studies, double-anion MXY (M: metal and X, Y: anion ions) materials have attracted considerable attention and especially have shown some intriguing applications in electrocatalysis. − Very recently, we synthesized tin phosphides and tin chalcogenides and applied them as the anode materials for LIBs, showing considerably good performances. , Therefore, for a further step, we attempted to synthesize double-anion MPS 3 (M: Ni and Sn) materials and apply them for LIBs. Previously, metal thiophosphites (MTPs) were also studied as the anode of LIBs. − For instance, Dangol et al .…”

“…9−11 Very recently, we synthesized tin phosphides and tin chalcogenides and applied them as the anode materials for LIBs, showing considerably good performances. 12,13 Therefore, for a further step, we attempted to synthesize double-anion MPS 3 (M: Ni and Sn) materials and apply them for LIBs. Previously, metal thiophosphites (MTPs) were also studied as the anode of LIBs.…”

Layered Tin Phosphide Composites as Promising Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…35,36 In addition, SnP and SnP 3 compounds have also been reported as important LIB anodes with practical application prospects. 37,38 In contrast, despite its comparable or even higher theoretical capacity than that of Sn 4 P 3 , rhombohedral phosphorus-rich Sn 3 P 4 , (or SnP 1.33 ) with an intermediate composition in between SnP and SnP 3 , has not been investigated as a LIB anode. Tracing back to the early reports on Sn 3 P 4 , we understand that the synthesis of pure-phase Sn 3 P 4 is fairly difficult by referring to the complex Sn−P phase diagram.…”

“…In particular, Ge–P and Sn–P anode materials exhibit extremely high lithium storage capacities due to the triple contributions from Li-ion intercalation (due to their layered crystal structures), alloying reaction (Ge and Sn cations), and conversion reaction (P anions) with Li-ions. ,, As perceived from the Sn–P phase diagram, there are a few stable compounds, such as Sn 4 P 3 , SnP, SnP 3 , and Sn 3 P 4 , that can be synthesized and employed as promising anodes for LIBs, sodium-ion batteries, and potassium-ion batteries. ,− For instance, Sn 4 P 3 /carbon nanosphere composites show a high specific capacity of 1050 mAh g –1 , approaching the theoretical capacity of Sn 4 P 3 (1255 mAh g –1 ) when employed as LIB anodes . Furthermore, Mn doping and TiC coating have been proven to be effective in improving the cycling performance and stability properties of Sn 4 P 3 anodes, respectively . , In addition, SnP and SnP 3 compounds have also been reported as important LIB anodes with practical application prospects. , …”

Effects of Electrolyte Additives and Nanowire Diameter on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes based on Interconnected Nickel–Tin Nanowire Networks

“…One promising strategy is to downsize the electrode particles to the nanoscale in the form of nanowires, [14][15][16][17] nanoparticles, [18] or nanoporous structures, [11] which help to accommodate stress on the particles during volume change. [10] Another strategy is to use Sn-based materials in the form of oxides, [15,17,19] phosphides, [20,21] sulfides, [22,23] or Sn-M alloys (M ¼ Cu, Fe, Ni, etc.). [24][25][26][27][28][29] In addition to buffering volume change, the introduction of M to form Sn-M alloys enhances the electronic conductivity and avoids Sn particles' aggregation during cycling, improving the rate performance (RP) and capacity retention of the electrode.…”