A High‐Efficiency Solution‐Deposited Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Device

Mitzi, David B.; Yuan, Min; Liu, Wei; Kellock, A. J.; Chey, S. Jay; Deline, V. R.; Schrott, A. G.

doi:10.1002/adma.200800555

Cited by 349 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, there are limitations to use these materials in the production of photovoltaic (PV) devices as an absorber layer due to toxicity of Cd and Se as well as limited availability of Te, Cd and In [5]. Bismuth is non-toxic and easily available as compared to indium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on synthesis and characterizations of Cu3BiS3 thin films for solar photovoltaics

Deshmukh

Kheraj

2017

Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng.

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Since the last few decades, light-absorbing materials based on CuInGaSe 2 (CIGS), CuInS 2 (CIS), and CdTe have dominated the research in thin-film solar cells.To fabricate large-scale solar cells from these materials, problems may arise due to limited availability of the constituents, viz. Se, In, Cd, and Te, and the toxicity of some of these elements. Hence, recent research efforts are attentive toward abundantly available non-toxic, larger value of absorption coefficient and non-conventional elements. The Cu 3 BiS 3 having wittichenite orthorhombic structure is one the most promising absorber layer candidates for low-cost thin-film solar cells. It has suitable direct band gap (1.10-1.86 eV), large absorption coefficient (10 5 cm -1 ) with composition of earth abundant, and relatively non-toxic and cost-effective constituents. Till now, a majority work was done on the preparation of Cu 3 BiS 3 thin films by various techniques. Therefore, a comprehensive review of recent literature of Cu 3 BiS 3 is urgently required. This paper will review the various techniques that have been used to deposit Cu 3 BiS 3 semiconductor with the hope of new paths for the beginner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on synthesis and characterizations of Cu3BiS3 thin films for solar photovoltaics

Deshmukh

Kheraj

2017

Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng.

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“…Historically, conventional photovoltaics, namely crystalline silicon (c-Si), have been very expensive and this has led to a burgeoning field of research in solar technologies fabricated from fundamentally low-cost materials employing fundamentally lowcost fabrication methods [1][2][3][4][5] . Among these, the lowest cost and highest throughput method of fabrication is solution based reelto-reel printing 6 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficient organometal trihalide perovskite planar-heterojunction solar cells on flexible polymer substrates

et al. 2013

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Organometal trihalide perovskite solar cells offer the promise of a low-cost easily manufacturable solar technology, compatible with large-scale low-temperature solution processing. Within 1 year of development, solar-to-electric power-conversion efficiencies have risen to over 15%, and further imminent improvements are expected. Here we show that this technology can be successfully made compatible with electron acceptor and donor materials generally used in organic photovoltaics. We demonstrate that a single thin film of the lowtemperature solution-processed organometal trihalide perovskite absorber CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x , sandwiched between organic contacts can exhibit devices with power-conversion efficiency of up to 10% on glass substrates and over 6% on flexible polymer substrates. This work represents an important step forward, as it removes most barriers to adoption of the perovskite technology by the organic photovoltaic community, and can thus utilize the extensive existing knowledge of hybrid interfaces for further device improvements and flexible processing platforms.

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“…6 Non-vacuum processes developed so far, however, have still limitations. The nanocrystal-ink method involves multi-step processes including separation and purification of the CIS particulates from impurity residues, otherwise the foreign elements caused by additives and suspension stabilizers may deteriorate the crystallinity and the electronic property of CIS layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2 Recently, several research groups have proposed different non-vacuum deposition processes for CIS solar cell. [3][4][5][6] For example, H. W. Hillhouse et al prepared the CIS absorber layer by using "nanocrystal ink method" in which a colloidal nanocrystal ink was obtained from reaction of CuCl, InCl 3 and Se in oleylamine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Colloidal Precursors from "Ball-Milling in Liquid Medium" Process for CuInSe₂Thin Film

Chung¹,

Kim²

2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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CuInSe 2 (CIS) and related chalcopyrite compounds are very promising materials for thin film solar cells due to their favorable band gap, high optical absorption coefficient and long-term stability. CIS-based solar cells have shown the highest conversion efficiency reaching a value of 20%.1 However, the vacuumbased processes that are used to fabricate CIS thin-films have some drawbacks such as the complexity in process, high production cost and difficulty in scaling up.2 Recently, several research groups have proposed different non-vacuum deposition processes for CIS solar cell.3-6 For example, H. W. Hillhouse et al. prepared the CIS absorber layer by using "nanocrystal ink method" in which a colloidal nanocrystal ink was obtained from reaction of CuCl, InCl 3 and Se in oleylamine.3 D. B. Mitzi et al. used a solution-based precursor that was prepared by dissolution of Cu2Se, In2Se3, Ga2Se3 and Se in hydrazine to fabricate the Ga-containing absorber layer, Cu(In,Ga)Se2. Non-vacuum processes developed so far, however, have still limitations. The nanocrystal-ink method involves multi-step processes including separation and purification of the CIS particulates from impurity residues, otherwise the foreign elements caused by additives and suspension stabilizers may deteriorate the crystallinity and the electronic property of CIS layer. In the hydrazine solution method, the toxicity and corrosiveness of the hydrazine may cause an environmental problem as well as a decrease in durability of fabrication equipment. Considering the simplicity and safety in process for preparation of CIS precursor, mechanochemical synthesis deserves attention because the CIS compound can be directly formed via ball-milling the elemental (Cu, In and Se) reagents. In this process, the expected reaction is follows:This reaction is self-propagating and completes in a short time because it is strong exothermic.7 To avoid agglomeration of the resultant powder, the mechanical milling process can be carried out in the presence of organic solvent. Very recently some attempts have been made to employ the wet ball-milling process in preparation of the CIS precursor. [8][9][10] Up to now, however, systematic study concerning the effects of liquid medium on the ball-milled precursors for CIS has not been carried out. In this study, we compare the property of the colloids obtained under different wet conditions and propose a new effective route to prepare CIS thin film.The effect of liquid medium in ball-milling process was assessed by observing the settling behaviors of as-prepared precursor suspensions. When the Cu, In, and Se powders were ball-milled in toluene (medium A), the products were coarse particles with poor dispersity in the medium as shown in Fig. 1. The mixture of pyridine and toluene (medium B) provided the precipitate with slightly increased dispersity compared to medium A. In the case of medium C which is composed of ethylenediamine and toluene, the product becomes well dispersed and shows relatively good stability in the suspension. T...

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A High‐Efficiency Solution‐Deposited Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Device

Cited by 349 publications

References 26 publications

A comprehensive review on synthesis and characterizations of Cu3BiS3 thin films for solar photovoltaics

A comprehensive review on synthesis and characterizations of Cu3BiS3 thin films for solar photovoltaics

Efficient organometal trihalide perovskite planar-heterojunction solar cells on flexible polymer substrates

Colloidal Precursors from "Ball-Milling in Liquid Medium" Process for CuInSe₂Thin Film

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A High‐Efficiency Solution‐Deposited Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Device

Cited by 349 publications

References 26 publications

A comprehensive review on synthesis and characterizations of Cu3BiS3 thin films for solar photovoltaics

A comprehensive review on synthesis and characterizations of Cu3BiS3 thin films for solar photovoltaics

Efficient organometal trihalide perovskite planar-heterojunction solar cells on flexible polymer substrates

Colloidal Precursors from "Ball-Milling in Liquid Medium" Process for CuInSe2Thin Film

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Colloidal Precursors from "Ball-Milling in Liquid Medium" Process for CuInSe₂Thin Film