“…Groundwater recharge is a complex ecohydrological process that plays an important role to societies as a key strategic water reserve (Wada et al., 2014), and within the environments as a natural or artificial mechanism of groundwater storage renewal (Gleeson et al., 2012). The groundwater recharge connects the atmospheric, surface, and subsurface components of the water balance (Mohan et al., 2018), being mainly controlled by the precipitation amount and intensity, boundary layer climatology, topography, water table level, watershed geomorphology, soil and vegetation characteristics, and irrigation return flow (Jasechko et al., 2014; Moeck et al., 2020). Understanding the seasonal controls upon recharge requires its accurate estimation (Jasechko et al., 2014), which can only be obtained by experimental methods or modelling since the groundwater recharge cannot be directly measured (Melo et al., 2015).…”