A general optimization framework for the design and planning of energy supply chain networks: Techno-economic and environmental analysis

Abstract

Highlights • A unified modeling representation (E-STN) for material and energy supply chains. • General optimization model for the design/planning of material and energy supply chains. • Optimization of capacity expansion, energy mix, techno-economic & environmental aspects. • Emissions caps are more effective measures for emissions reduction than emissions costs. • Cost versus emissions study via sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization.

Integrating Social Dimensions into Future Sustainable Energy Supply Networks

“…Sustainability improvements are mainly achieved with integration of cleaner technologies, renewables, decarbonization, increasing energy efficiency and ensuring sustainable energy use. Studies using supply chain models in energy systems primarily pose the challenge of how the energy supply and demand side can be systematically improved, taking into account environmental sustainability and efficient economic performances—while minimizing costs [ 3 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], but also to increase the social sustainability of energy supply. Even if the energy supply chain can be simplified as shown in Figure 1 a, different energy sources are based on different specifics and form different energy supply chains with different steps in energy conversion process [ 26 ].…”

“…Studies using supply chain models in energy systems primarily pose the challenge of how the energy supply and demand side can be systematically improved, taking into account environmental sustainability and efficient economic performances—while minimizing costs [ 3 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], but also to increase the social sustainability of energy supply. Even if the energy supply chain can be simplified as shown in Figure 1 a, different energy sources are based on different specifics and form different energy supply chains with different steps in energy conversion process [ 26 ]. There is therefore considerable scope for improving the modeling process of efficient supply chain design and operation [ 29 , 30 ].…”

“…P&D = production and demand. Data extracted from: Saavedra M. et al, 2018 [ 3 ]; Dermont et al, 2017 [ 13 ]; Brandenburg et al, 2018 [ 15 ]; H. Lund, 2010 [ 18 ]; Obrecht & Denac, 2017 [ 24 ]; Zulkafli & Kopanos, 2018 [ 26 ]; Azevedo et al, 2019 [ 28 ]; Schroer & Goss, 1988 [ 35 ]; Pawar & Vittal K, 2019 [ 36 ]; Javied et al, 2019 [ 37 ]; Obrecht & Denac, 2013 [ 38 ]; Calise et al, 2018 [ 39 ]; Pawar et al, 2020 [ 40 ]; Guo et al, 2019 [ 41 ]; Said, 2003 [ 42 ] and own data.…”

Integrating biomass into energy supply chain networks

“…The model used in this work considers processes involved in the integration of biomass into an existing coal-based ESC network leading to complexity of the ESC. In view of this development, the modelling approach of energy STN formulation for supply chains introduced by Kondili et al (1993) and applied by Zulkafli & Kopanos. (2018) has been adapted.…”

“…This is indicated in Table 1. q3,q4,q9), denoted by min max , fixed operating cost for the total installed capacity of technology q ( ) and those associated to states production through conversion technologies ( ), were obtained from Zulkafli & Kopanos (2018), while the values of investment cost for technology establishment ( 0 ) and that required to increase the capacity of a technology ( ), were obtained as solution from the model formulation after incorporating the earlier stated values from (Zulkafli and Kopanos, 2018).…”