1991
DOI: 10.1038/353529a0
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A gene deleted in Kallmann's syndrome shares homology with neural cell adhesion and axonal path-finding molecules

Abstract: Kallmann's syndrome (clinically characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and inability to smell) is caused by a defect in the migration of olfactory neurons, and neurons producing hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. A gene has now been isolated from the critical region on Xp22.3 to which the syndrome locus has been assigned: this gene escapes X inactivation, has a homologue on the Y chromosome, and shows an unusual pattern of conservation across species. The predicted protein has significant sim… Show more

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Cited by 812 publications
(418 citation statements)
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“…110,111 Understanding of the molecular genetics of CHH and Kallmann syndrome has advanced tremendously in the past 20 years, since the first gene associated with Kallmann syndrome (KAL1 [ANOS1]) was identified by a positional cloning strategy in 1991 (Table 1). [112][113][114][115] KAL1 (ANOS1) encodes anosmin-1, a transiently expressed, locally restricted glycoprotein of embryonic extracellular matrices 116 that is involved in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling. 117,118 To date, >25 different genes have been implicated in Kallmann syndrome and/or CHH, which accounts for ~50% of cases.…”
Section: Genetics Of Chhmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…110,111 Understanding of the molecular genetics of CHH and Kallmann syndrome has advanced tremendously in the past 20 years, since the first gene associated with Kallmann syndrome (KAL1 [ANOS1]) was identified by a positional cloning strategy in 1991 (Table 1). [112][113][114][115] KAL1 (ANOS1) encodes anosmin-1, a transiently expressed, locally restricted glycoprotein of embryonic extracellular matrices 116 that is involved in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling. 117,118 To date, >25 different genes have been implicated in Kallmann syndrome and/or CHH, which accounts for ~50% of cases.…”
Section: Genetics Of Chhmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The explanation is based on the assumption that the local concentration of anosmin-1 is important in FGF signaling and the fact that KAL1 partially escapes X inactivation in females 14 . Accordingly, females are expected to synthesize a higher amount of anosmin-1 than do males; in some cases, this could be enough to maintain FGF signaling above the critical threshold in the context of FGFR1 haploinsufficiency.…”
Section: Loss-of-function Mutations Inmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Le degré variable de l'hypogonadisme et de l'anosmie, même au sein d'une même famille, ainsi que la pénétrance incomplète de la maladie dans des familles où la transmission s'effectue selon le mode dominant, ont été soulignés. Le gène KAL1, responsable de la forme liée au chromosome X de la maladie, a été localisé dans la région Xp22.3 puis identifié en 1991 [6][7][8], et diverses mutations ponctuelles ou délétions intragéniques ont été mises en évi-dence dans des cas familiaux [9,10]. En revanche, les mutations de KAL1 sont rares dans les cas sporadiques [11].…”
Section: Une Maladie Génétiquement Hétérogène Plus Fréquente Chez Leunclassified
“…Cependant, une telle interaction pourrait expliquer la fréquence plus élevée de la maladie chez les garçons, si l'on fait l'hypothèse que la concentration locale de l'anosmine-1 joue, dans certains tissus, un rôle critique pour la signalisation par les FGF. En effet, le gène KAL1, bien que situé en dehors de la région pseudo-autosomique 1 du chromosome X, échappe partiellement au phéno-mène d'inactivation qui concerne l'un des deux chromosomes X dans chaque cellule somatique chez la femme [6,13]. Il en résulte une inégalité de production de l'anosmine-1 entre les deux sexes, en faveur du sexe féminin.…”
Section: Une Maladie Génétiquement Hétérogène Plus Fréquente Chez Leunclassified