A full overview of international standards assessing the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells

Holzhey, Philippe; Saliba, Michael

doi:10.1039/c8ta06950f

Cited by 150 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Long‐term stability (>20 years as has been achieved in the case of Si PV technology) is a second major consideration, which is still a grand challenge for both organic–inorganic hybrid and inorganic PSCs . In particular, CsPbBr 3 perovskite stability under thermal‐stress and light testing conditions is important for solar cell‐operation following the industry relevant protocols . Based on our Review (Section ), CsPbBr 3 shows outstanding improvements regarding thermal and moisture stability when compared with organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, but it is still far from the thresholds for long‐term stability considerations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent Progress of All‐Bromide Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Tong

Ono

2019

Energy Tech

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Inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted enormous attention during the past 5 years. Many advanced strategies and techniques have been developed for fabricating inorganic PSCs with improved efficiency and stability to realize commercial applications. CsPbBr3 is one of the representative materials of inorganic perovskites and has demonstrated excellent stability against thermal and high humidity environmental conditions. The power conversion efficiency of CsPbBr3‐based PSCs has increased significantly from 5.95% in 2015 to 10.91%, and the storage stability under moisture (≈80% relative humidity) and heat (≈80 °C) is more than 2000 h. The outstanding performance of CsPbBr3 PSCs shows great potential in light‐to‐electricity conversion applications. In this review, recent developments of CsPbBr3‐based PSCs including the physico‐chemical as well as optoelectronic properties, processing techniques for fabricating CsPbBr3 films, derivative phase structures, efficiency, and stability of devices are reviewed and discussed. Finally, the challenges and outlook of CsPbBr3 PSCs for future research directions are outlined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent Progress of All‐Bromide Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Tong

Ono

2019

Energy Tech

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“…Moreover, for very long-term stability, expelling all organic components may become a requirement. [60,61] Thus, Table 3 also shows fully inorganic Pb-perovskites. These have larger bandgaps (> 1.8eV) and may not be relevant for single-junction solar cells but could become important for light-emitting applications or as the active layer in a multijunction (e.g., two, three, or four junctions) solar cells where higher bandgaps are needed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyelemental, Multicomponent Perovskite Semiconductor Libraries through Combinatorial Screening

Saliba

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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for various research fields ranging from lasing, light emitting devices (LEDs) to photo-or particle-detection. [10][11][12] Importantly, the bandgap tuning is achieved by interchanging the above cations, metals, or halides.For single-junction solar cells, frequently FA is selected as the majority cation because of the increased thermal stability and the redshifted bandgap compared to the volatile MA. However, the relatively large size of FA distorts the perovskite lattice exhibiting polymorphism, i.e., a photoinactive "yellow" phase at room temperature and a photoactive "black" phase at elevated temperatures. [3] Recently, many groups have realized that mixing the cation (or halide) position dramatically improves film morphology and optoelectronic properties. With hindsight, the mixing approach can be correlated with the steep performance increases over the past years. [13,14] Such "alloyed" polyelemental compositions have mainly focused on double-cation mixtures such as CsFA or MAFA perovskites, with a fixed halide ratio of Br and I, effectively inducing a stable black FA-phase at room temperature. [13,[15][16][17] The mixing approach was continued with CsMAFA triple-cation perovskites showing superior efficiency, reproducibility and stability as well as suppressed "yellow" phase impurities. This firstgeneration cation mixing of Cs, MA and FA was guided by past research demonstrating a black phase for the well-known Cs-, MA-, and FA-PbI 3 perovskites. [18] As a next step, going beyond "naïve" mixing of already established cations, the small Rb, that does not form a black phase as a single-component perovskite, was used in a multication engineering approach. [19] This entails an interesting observation: adding a new component results in a doubling of the combinatorial amount of compositions with the potential for unique and highly desirable properties that were previously not anticipated-as in the case of CsFA perovskites that suppressed halide segregation. [17] Any of the new compounds could become therefore highly relevant for industrialization.The mixing approach, however, is not exclusive to the cation position. There are metal mixtures, e.g., Sn-Pb or Ge-Sn, [5,20,21] or anion mixtures, e.g., double (Br/I) [13,14] and even triple halides (Cl/Br/I). [22,23] This provides a myriad of possible combinations necessitating careful planning to fully follow through with the polyelemental, multicomponent theme.The sheer number of combinatorically available precursor components makes a brute-force approach very laborious and Recently, perovskites with multiple cations, metals, and anions have shown very high efficiencies and stabilities for perovskite solar cells. The novel materials frequently exhibit unexpected and beneficial properties, outperforming simpler counterparts. The trend of increasing material complexity requires a systematic strategy to explore polyelemental "multicomponent engineering." Here, a combinatorial approach is introduced to generate all possible, unique combinations within a set of available ...

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“…Whist this initial result is promising, perovskite modules will ultimately need to pass the relevant International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) stability standard (IEC 61215); here the most challenging tests include stress testing with repeated thermal cycling (À40 to 85 1C), moisture storage (80% RH), and extended damp heat storage (85 1C + 80% RH). 36,37 Unfortunately, whilst MAPbI 3 has proven easy to process, it is thermally unstable within the expected maximum operating conditions of a solar module. 37 Indeed MAPbI 3 perovskites have also been shown to be unstable due to moisture, 38 and oxygen in combination with light, 39 so ultimately they will require encapsulation to retard degradation.…”

Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%