A framework for comparing entrepreneurship processes across nations

Abstract

Shane and Venkataraman's Discovery, Evaluation and Exploitation entrepreneurship framework ignores issues central to comparative international entrepreneurship (IE) because of unnecessarily under-socialized assumptions regarding entrepreneurial opportunities and the individuals who discover them. To better promote comparative IE research, we develop a Comparative Discovery, Evaluation and Exploitation framework (CDEE), which takes as a starting point that individuals motivated by diverse goals enact market opportunities in a variety of social settings. Building on this characterization, the paper explores how and why processes of opportunity discovery, evaluation and exploitation vary across and within nations, as well as the implications of these differences. Journal of International Business Studies (2005), 36, 492–504. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400153

The role of managers' political networking and functional experience in new venture performance: Evidence from China's transition economy

“…Also our study advances the international entrepreneurship literature by providing empirical evidence that institutional contexts affect the role of managerial resources in new venture performance. Consistent with Baker et al (2005), our results suggest that institutional contexts affect the extent to which managers in new ventures are able to appropriate the benefits from their managerial resources (e.g., functional experience).…”

“…Theoretically, our study can provide evidence on how institutional contexts influence the values of resources and thus contribute to our knowledge of the boundary of the well-established resourcebased view (Priem and Butler, 2001). Also, this study responds to the recent notion by several scholars that international entrepreneurship literature has not yet paid much attention to how institutional factors influence entrepreneurship processes (Baker, Gedajlovic, and Lubatkin, 2005;Oviatt and McDougall, 1994). The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: First, we develop our theory and research hypotheses; next, we describe our methods to test these hypotheses; finally, we present the results of the study and discuss their implications.…”

The influence of socio-cultural environments on the performance of nascent entrepreneurs: Community culture, motivation, self-efficacy and start-up success

“…Taken together, our findings re-iterate the need for more contextualized theories of entrepreneurship (Baker, Gedajlovic and Lubatkin 2005) and show that cultural norms matter.…”

Beyond categorization: New directions for theory development about entrepreneurial internationalization

“…Much of this research examines higher level influences on lower level phenomena. For example, Baker, Gedajlovic and Lubatkin (2005) develop a conceptual framework describing how and why processes underlying the pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities vary across countries. In empirical research, scholars have shown that environmental-level factors explain patterns in the internationalization of young firms (e.g., Fan & Phan, 2007;Fernhaber, Gilbert, & McDougall, 2008;Mudambi & Zahra, 2007) and that institutional features influence the types of opportunities pursued by entrepreneurs and their capital providers, as well as how they are pursued (e.g.…”